54 Fungi, Bacteria und Pathologie. 



duction of fermentation products^ pigments, crystals, enzymes, their re- 

 lation to light and dessication^ their thermal relations and the effect of 

 freezing. 



Under the head of economic aspects, the author discusses the losses 

 due to bacterial methods of infection and conditions favoring the spread 

 of disease, and methods of prevention. 



Under the head of general considerations, descriptlons of a bac- 

 teriological laboratory and how to take care of it are presented together 

 with directions for bacteriological methods, such as the preparation and 

 care of media, the cleaning and sterilization of glassware, methods of 

 inoculation, keeping of records, the use of the microscope and camera etc. 



The next chapter deals with .the question of nomenclature and 

 Classification. The author enters very fully into this subject, and after 

 discussing varions Systems of classifications, particularly Fi scher 's 

 and Migula's, he adopts Migula's System of Classification with but 

 few changes. These changes refer particularly to the following genera, 

 Microspira and Migula's Pseudomonas, the latter Smith holds is in- 

 applicable and adepts in its stead Cohn's Bacterium. He defines the 

 same as follows: Bacterium (Cohn emend.); type the one-flagellate, green 

 fluorescent schizomycetes^ capable of growing on Cohn's nutrient So- 

 lution. To this should be added all the morphologically similar, non- 

 fluorescent and yellow species. Synonym: Pseudomonas Migula. 



Another change which Smith makes pertains to the genus Spiril- 

 lum (Microspira), of which 5. Cholerae Asiaticae Koch, is the type. 

 Smith Substitutes the old genus Vibrio (Müller-Cohn, emend.). One 

 new genus is established, Aplanobacter, described as follows : An un- 

 attached, non-motile, rod-shaped organism, destitute of Chlorophyll and 

 multiplying by fission, sometimes forming threads of considerable length. 

 Type : Bacillus anthracis Cohn. 



The first part of the work closes with a long series of carefully 

 selected formulae for stains, culture media, fixing fluids, etc., all of them 

 carefully brought up to date. 



The second part of the volume is a bibliography which fills pages 

 199 to 266. This bibliography is divided into 47 chapters, each chapter 

 dealing with a separate phase of the subject, for instance: flageila, cul- 

 ture media, attenuation_, osmotic pressure, iron-bacteria, effect of electri- 

 city, etc. 



All references are arranged chronologically as far as possible and 

 in numerous instances briel abstracts are given of the more important 

 apers. 



The volume is illustrated with 146 carefully selected text figures, 

 and 31 plates, which show apparatus, structure of bacteria cultures and 

 diseased plants. Practically all of the figures are new. They Supplement 

 the descriptions given in the text. 



The work will be welcomed by all students of bacteriology and the 

 second volume will be anxiously expected. H. von Schrenk. 



SWELLENOREBEL, Sur la division nucleaire de la levure 



pressee. (Ann. Inst. Pasteur. T. XIX. 1905. p. 503—515. 



PI. XV.) 



Pour conserver la structure des cellules fragiles de levure, il faut 

 eviter de les secher, apres comme avant la fixation; l'auteur y parvient 

 en les incorporant dans une gouttelette de gelatine se solidifiant ä peine 

 ä la temperature de la chambre. Le couvre-objet sur lequel on a etale 

 la gouttelette est plonge immediatement dans la Solution fixatrice de 

 Lavdowsky (Eau distillee, 20; alcool ä 95,3°/"; formaldehyde con- 

 centrde, 3; acide acetique glacial, 0,5). Les mcilleures colorations ont 

 ete iournies par le liquide d' E h r 1 i c h- Bi o n d i - H e i d en h a i n ; la pre- 

 paration fixee est mise pendant 3 heures dans une Solution d'acide 

 acetique glacial ä 10,1"/", puis on les porte dans la Solution colorante 



