Palaeontologie. — Agricultur, Horticultur und Forstbotanik. 1 1 1 



harren ground type, the second of the eastern and western 

 coniferous forest type, the third the type of the south eastern 

 and soLithwestern states. These belts moved as waves in 

 response to changing physical conditions, among which the 

 Glacial and Post-glacial influences are regarded as very im- 

 portant. Thus the first wave was of transcontinental extent; 

 the second, while transcontinental, was composed of an eastern 

 type — the northeastern biota — which overflowed to the north 

 and the northwest into the Mackenzie basin, as also to a 

 more Mmited extent into the Yukon valley and to the Rocky 

 Mountains, and a western type — the northwestern biota 

 — which spread from the Rocky Mountains and Pacific 

 coast region of the United States north to British Co- 

 lumbia and Alaska. The third wave spread from the south- 

 eastern centre of dispersal northward to the coniferous, and 

 west to the üreat Pia ins; while from its southeastern 

 centre it spread on each side of the Rocky Mountains into 

 C a n a d a. 



Further light is to be thrown upon the Interpretation of 

 these centres of dispersal and their biotic types, by taking into 

 account the successional relation of the biota, as correlated with 

 changes of environment. D. P. Penhallow. 



Berry, Edward W., The Ancestors of the Big Trees. 

 (Pop. Science M. LXVli. Sept. 1905. p. 465—474.) 



A populär exposition of the geological history of Seqiioia 

 which may be traced back to the later Jurassic, approximately 

 9 000000 years ago, w^hile its ancestral form as recognised in 

 Voltzia, extends back to Palaeozoic time, thus bringing the 

 entire development of the genus within a period of something 

 like 13000000 years. D. P. Penhallow. 



HOLLICK, Arthur, The Preservation of Plauts by Geo- 

 logie Processes. (N. Y. Bot. Card. Vi. July 1905. 

 p. '115—118.) 



An account of a case under Observation of the conditions 

 under which plants are preserved as fossils in the formation of 

 lake deposits. D. P. Penhallow. 



Hassack. Karl, Die Erzeugung des Papiere s. (Schriften 

 des Vereines zur Verbreitung naturwisse nschafllicher Kennt- 

 nisse in Wien. Bd. XLV. Wien 1905. p. 1—37. Mit fünf 

 Tafeln ) 



Geschichtliche Daten. Die älteste Art der Papiererzeugung aus 

 reinen Pflanzenfasern hat sich noch in J a p a n erhalten. Die Roh- 

 materialien sind: Die „Kodzufasern" aus dem Baste des Papiermaulbeer- 

 baMmes {Bronssonetia papyrifera), die „Gampifaser" von der Wick- 

 stroemia canescens und die „Mitsumata-" oder die ,.Dsuickofaser'^' vom 

 Strauche Edgeworthia papyrifera. Die Herstellung des Papieres aus der 

 erstgenannten Faser wird genau besprochen. Die Erfindung der Papier- 



