Biologie. — Descendenz u. Hybriden. 611 



phyten; sommer- und immergrüne B. der Parasiten 

 z. B. Viscum-Typus. 

 Im III. Abschnitt werden die oben aufgezählten Blatt-Typen 



für die einzelnen (61) Familien durchbesprochen. 

 Der IV. Abschnitt ist der gesonderten Behandlung junger 

 Laubblätter (Mittelblätter) und Keimblättter gewidmet; 

 für erstere werden 12 Typen aufgestellt. 

 Abschnitt V bringt eine Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten 

 Resultate und Schlussbemerkungen. Neger (Eisenach). 



Harshberger, J. W., The germination of the seeds of 

 Carapa Guianensis Aubl. (Proc. Acad. Sc. LIV. 122—126. 

 1 plate. 1902.) 



About ten or twelve seeds are produced inside a capsule 

 of a size of a coconut, and these begin to germinate while still 

 inside of the capsule after it has fallen to the ground with the 

 result that the roots are densely interwoven. The species in 

 question is of a terrestrial habit and does not develope the 

 rounded tubercular form of the radicle to be seen in C. moluc- 

 censis Lam. It also fails to develope the horizontal aerating 

 roots of the latter species which develop horn-like vertical 

 growths bearing numerous lenticels. The entire habit of the 

 land species is more primitive. Mac Dougal. 



TOUMEY, J. W., A study in plant ad aptation. (Pop. Sei. 

 Mthly. LXI. p. 483. 1902. 6 figs.) 



The prineipal adaptations of the cacti and other plants 

 characteristic of the arid regions of western America are des- 

 cribed. Devices for resistance of drought, protection against 

 damage by animals, and for vegetative propagation by detach- 

 ment of joints of the stems of cacti are described. 



Mac Dougal. 



Mac Dougal, D. T., Professor de Vries's experiments 

 upon the origin of species. (The Independent. Sept. 

 25 th. 1902. p. 2283— 2284.) 



A brief review of de Vries's theory of origin of species 

 by mutation as illustrated by his experiments with Onagra 

 (Oenothera) and a discussion of the relation of this work to 

 other hypotheses as to the method of origin of species. 



_____ Mac Dougal. 



Geremicca, M., Le differenze tra piante ed animali 

 seeundo un naturalista del secolo XVIII. Napoli 1901. 

 p. 24.) 



Charles Bonnet dans son oeuvre philosophique „Con- 

 templation de la Nature (1782)" traite, entre autres, des diffe"- 

 rences des plantes et des animaux, pour en conclure, que ces 



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