374 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



those farther out conical. Gill-membranes free from the isthmus and from each 

 other; gill-rakers about 7 + 11. 



Scales of the back and sides large, with membranous border; each scale with 

 a few large, and a multitude of minute, reticulating lines; a well-developed axillary 

 scale; fins naked. 



Origin of dorsal equidistant from eye and caudal, its height about 5.5 in -the 

 length; caudal broadly lobed, the lobes about 4 in the length; adipose fin small; 

 anal short, emarginate, its lobe oblique, the longest ray usually extending beyond the 

 tip of the last. Ventrals reaching about half-way to middle of anal, pectorals three- 

 fourths to ventrals. 



Iridescent, plumbeous above; caudal and adipose deep maroon; dorsal rays 

 similar, the membranes lighter; middle of ventral and pectorals maroon; lower 

 parts yellowish-white, a maroon streak from above anal to above pectorals. 



Subfamily Stethaprionin^e. 

 Fowlerina Eigenmann. 

 Fowlerina Eigenmann, Am. Nat,, XVI, 1882, 772. 

 Type, Tetragonopterus compressus Gunther. 



Predorsal spine scale-like, concave below, fitting into a notch in the back in 

 front of the dorsal fin. Caudal scaled; anal long, with one row of scales. Scales 

 34-36; preventral region with a median series of scales, none spinous. 



229. Fowlerina orbicularis (Cuvier and Valenciennes). (Plate XLVI, fig. 2.) 



Tetragonopterus orbicularis Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist, Nat. Poiss., XXII, 

 1848, 138 (Essequibo; Amazon). — Castelnau, Anim. Am. Sud, Poiss., 1855, 

 65, pi. 32, fig. 3 (Amazon). — Kner, "Familie der Characinen," i, 1859, 38 

 (Villa Maria).— Gunther, Catalogue, V, 1864, 320; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 

 (5), VI, 1880, 12 (La Plata). — Eigenmann and Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., XIV, 1891, 52.— Ulrey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VIII, 1895, 276.— 

 Vaillant, Bull. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., V, 1899, 155 (Carnot). 



Fowlerina orbicularis Eigenmann, Repts. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, III, 

 1910, 441. 



Tetragonopterus compressus Gunther, Catalogue, V, 1864, 319. (Essequibo; Suri- 

 nam, Maranon). 



Brachychalcinus retrospina (in part) Boulenger, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 

 X, 1892, 12 (Santa Cruz). 



Fowlerina paraguayensis Eigenmann, Ann. Carnegie Mus., IV, 1907, 153. 



