468 MEMOIRS OF THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM 



nearly horizontal, lower jaw protruding, maxillary reaching the posterior margin 

 of the eye. Two sharp spines protruding from beneath the entire membranous 

 margin of the preopercle, largest in the smallest specimens. Canines two, promi- 

 nent in the small specimens. Gill-rakers 4 + 7. Scales all small and cycloid. 

 Lateral line becoming straight in front of the anus. Highest dorsal spine 2 in the 

 head. Last rays of the soft dorsal highest, 2.5 in the head. Caudal equal to the 

 head in the smallest specimen, relatively shorter in larger ones. Pectorals reaching 

 a third of their length beyond the ventrals. 



Color light, a little dusky above. Spinous dorsal, caudal, and lining of the 

 opercle dusky. Some silvery color on the head, especially just behind the pre- 

 opercle. 



315. Cynoscion steindachneri (Jordan). 



Cestreus steindachneri Jordan, Rept. U. S. Fish Com. for 1886, 1889, 372 (Curuca, 



Brazil). 



Three specimens, 325-350 mm. Georgetown market. (C. M. Cat. No. 2482; 

 I. U. Cat. No. 12575.) 



Head 3.8-4; depth 4; D. IX or X-l, 20; A. 11,8-10; scales 57-64 with pores, 

 70 or 99 vertical series above the lateral line; eye 5.5-6 in the head; mouth 

 moderate, oblique, maxillary usually just reaching the posterior margin of the eye, 

 maxillary very broad, 2.2-2.4 in the head. Chin prominent, canines in the upper 

 jaw scarcely larger than the surrounding teeth; teeth all small. Gill-rakers 4 + 9. 

 Scales all strongly ctenoid (cycloid on the head of the largest specimen, which is 

 exotic in other respects as well). Soft dorsal and anal heavily scaled. Dorsals 

 scarcely connected by membrane. Highest dorsal spine 1.9 in the head. Caudal 

 rhombic, 1.3 in the head. Ventral extending one-third of its length beyond the 

 end of the pectorals (pectorals extending almost to the end of the ventrals in the 

 exotic specimen). 



Color light slaty gray above, with very faint darker longitudinal stripes along 

 the rows of scales. Axil and lining of the preopercle dark. Dorsals and caudal 

 more or less dusky. 



The largest specimen, 350 mm., Georgetown market, is quite exotic. The 

 mouth is less oblique; the number of scales is sixty-four with pores in the 

 lateral line and seventy vertical series above it in the exotic one, and fifty-seven 

 pores and ninety-nine series in the two other individuals. The scales of the 

 head are cycloid instead of ctenoid, and the soft dorsal and anal are less densely 

 scaled. Lastly, the pectoral of the exotic specimen nearly reaches the end of the 

 ventral, and is relatively much shorter in the smaller ones. 



