eigenmann: the FRESHWATER FISHES OF BRITISH GUIANA 513 



Nares near the lip, half-way between tip of snout and eye; maxillary extending 

 beyond the origin of the eye; gill-rakers very short, nodular, about eight on the 

 lower arch; scales ctenoid on sides and caudal peduncle, cycloid on head, ventral 

 surface, and above anterior third of upper lateral line, the cycloid scales much 

 smaller than those of the sides. 



An occllated spot at base of upper half of the caudal; sides with cross-shades; 

 an obscure dark band from eye to an obscure spot above the pectoral; each of the 

 ctenoid scales with a dark base; soft dorsal faintly spotted; the vertical fins other- 

 wise plain dusky in the larger specimen, the entire dorsal spotted in the smaller. 



Crenicichla Heckel. 

 Crenicichla Heckel, Ann. Wiener Mus., II, 1840, 416. 



Type, Crenicichla ? 



Elongate; margin of preopercle denticulate, lower jaw projecting; inner teeth 



of the inner series depressible; scales of the lateral line larger than those above or 



below it. 



Key to the Guiana Species of Crenicichla. 

 a. Scales rough. 



b. Scales 50-62 in a series below the lateral line; an ocellus or plain spot at the base of the upper caudal 



lobe in all but the very young. 



c. Maxillary extending to below the eye; a humeral spot in all but the very young, which greatly 



resemble cc. 



d. Humeral spot entirely below the lateral line, frequently occllated; sides frequently with silvery 



or blue spots; a band from the eye to the humeral spot saxatilis. 



dd. Center of humeral spot on the lateral line, except in the very young; a band from the chin or 



eye to the tip of the middle caudal' rays, running below the humeral spot alta. 



cc. Maxillary not extending to the vertical from the anterior margin of the eye; no humeral spot. 



wallacei. 



bb. Scales 106-113 in a series below the lateral line; a black spot at the base of the middle caudal rays; 



young with lines of black dots lugubris. 



aa. Scales smooth, imbedded; no caudal ocellus; scales 97-108 in a series below the lateral line Johanna. 



348. Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus). 



"Sciaena" Linnaeus, Mus. Adolphi Fred., 1754, 65, pi. 31, fig. 1. 



"Sparus," No. 185, Gkonow, Mus. Ichth., II, 1756, 29, pi. 6, fig. 3 (Surinam). 



Sparus saxatilis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 278; ed. 12, I, 1766, 468 

 (Surinam). 



Perca saxatilis Bloch, Ausl. Fische, VI, 1792, 79, pi. 309 (Surinam). 



Crenicichla saxatilis Heckel, Ann. Wiener Mus., II, 1840, 432 (name only). — 

 MtiLLER and Troschel, in Schomburgk, Reisen, III, 1848, 626 (all rivers).— 

 Gunther, Catalogue, IV, 1862, 308 (Demerara; Dutch Guiana 83 ). — Bou- 



83 1 am not sure whether the other localities belong to this species. 



