TABLE OF CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. Introduction 5 



II. Summary of Conclusions 7 



III. Collection, Selection and Preparation of Mate- 



rial 



Bibliography 8 



IV. A Review of the Anatomy and Physiology of the 



Organs and Tissues seen in the Fundus Oculi 



of the Bird 12 



V. Ophthalmoscopy, or the Examination through 

 the Pupils, in Animate Specimens, of the Inte- 

 rior of the Vertebrate Eye by Means of the 



Ophthalmoscope 26 



VI. Ophthalmoscopy of the Fundus in Living Birds: 33 



A. The Eye-ground in General 36 



B. The Pecten and Optic Disc 38 



C. The Macular Regions, Fovese and other Areas 



of Acute Vision 38 



D. The Fundal Bloodvessels, the Opaque Nerve 



Fibres, the Choroid and the Retina . . 38 



E. Photography of the Fundus in Living Birds . 44 

 VII. Macroscopic Appearances of the Fundus Oculi of 



Birds in Prepared Specimens 49 



Photography of the Fundus in Prepared Eyeballs 61 

 VIII. Effects of Domestication on the Fundus Oculi 



of Wild Species of Birds 62 



IX. The Ophthalmoscopic and Macroscopic Appear- 

 ances of the Fundus Oculi in Various Orders 

 of Birds. 



A. Ratitse 64 



B. Carinatse 68 



X. Classification of the Ocular Fundi of Birds . 112 



XI. The Ocular Fundus of Birds in its Relation to 



a Classification of Aves 114 



XII. The Relations of Reptilian to Avian Fundi . . 116 



XIII. Colored Drawings of the Fundus Oculi of Birds 119 



Colored Drawings of the Fundus Oculi of Reptiles . 178 



<> 1 ^ 5 .9 



