CARINATjE 



Coraciiformes 



Black Hornbill. Spagolobus adratus. Plate XLIII. 



The principal color of the eyeground is dull gray, interspersed for 

 some distance about the optic nerve entrance with a mass of fine 

 opaque fibres that extend about a disc-length over the fundus. Be- 

 yond the fibres are several dull-colored choroidal capillaries that cross 

 the fundal field in a vertical direction. Near the macular region the 

 fundus is illuminated by a brilliant gray iridescence. 



The optic disc is a long, white oval, that extends downward and 

 a little inward towards the inner or beak side of the head. The 

 pecten is very large, the lower segment being carried far forward 

 behind the iris; it presents serrated margins. 



The macular region is quite circular and is red-brown in color. 

 An inner circle is dead white, while the foveola is represented by a 

 dark-red central spot. There are two bright rings around the 

 macula of an iridescent, blue-green color, the fundus between the 

 two circlets being a light luminous gray. 



European Nightjar. Caprimulgus europeus. Plate XLIV. 



The eyeground appears orange-red, everywhere stippled with 

 small, red and brown patches of irregular shape. Scattered about 

 are several pigmented areas, such as one sees in the eyes of human 

 subjects with disseminated choroiditis. There are a few choroidal 

 vessels in the lower half of the fundus. These are faintly outlined, 

 but they give to that part of the eyeground a deeper red than the 

 remainder of the background. 



The optic papilla is short and broad. The antero-posterior view 

 with the mirror shows it as a dull, grayish-white body largely covered 

 with brown pigment dots. Its margins, where it is not obscured 

 by the mass of the pecten, is much lighter in color. Radiating from 

 the sides of the disc, and extending for a short distance on either 

 side, are a few white, opaque nerve fibres, which are light gray and 

 become less distinct on the outer side of the papilla. 



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