CARINATjE 



Passeriformes. B. Turdidw. 



Bluebird. Sialia sialis. Plate LI. 



The general blue-gray coloring of the eyeground is modified by 

 numerous, pin-point dots. The punctate deposits near the periphery 

 assume a more or less dull-golden or orange tint, a condition also 

 noticed just below the peeten. The elongated, ovoid optic disc is 

 white (quite woolly at its margins) and covered almost entirely with 

 the convoluted peeten, which is very large when compared with the 

 size of the eye. It is of the usual dull-brown color and has "frilled" 

 borders. On the inner or nasal side and near the lower part of the 

 optic disc is an orange-red area, containing chiefly choroidal vessels 

 with black pigment grains between them. This red area extends 

 a little to the temporal side of the disc, subsequently merging into 

 the dull orange color below. On either side of the disc and radiating 

 from it, are numerous filiform nerve fibres which cross the background 

 almost to its periphery. In an area a disc-length to the nasal side 

 of the papilla the white dots of the fundus are decidedly fainter and 

 much closer together than elsewhere; in this region, also, there is a 

 reflex plainly marked. 



Wiieatear. Saxicola aenanthe. Plate LII. 



The fundal coloration is pale gray, with a dense mass of grayish 

 white dots permeating the entire background. Slightly above the 

 upper termination of the optic nerve, and towards the nasal side of 

 the peeten, is a well-defined, round, whitish macular region, much 

 larger than the small spots that cover the whole of the surrounding, 

 duller eyeground. This white area is inclosed by a brilliant, bluish- 

 green circle, which appears more prominent and iridescent in nature 

 than is depicted in the drawing. The optic papilla is almost entirely 

 obscured by the peeten; it is long and narrow, with an irregular 

 outline. 



On the nasal side of the nerve-head are a few short, orange-red, 

 choroidal vessels with a few dots of pigment like pepper grains 

 sprinkled between them. Extending from both margins of the optic 

 disc across the fundus to the periphery, are numerous fine, opaque 

 nerve fibres, the upper ones (on the nasal side) terminating at the 

 macular area. 



The peeten, red-brown in color, long and narrow, appears to 

 be twisted on itself like a rope or a corkscrew. Its inferior end 

 extends beyond that part of the eyeground shown in the picture, but 

 it probably comes well forward towards the posterior surface of the 

 lens. 



170 



