34 



Temperatur-Rækker. 



Til Undersøgelse af Temperaturen i forskjellige Dyb- 

 der paa, samme Station toges Temperatur-Rækker. Disse 

 udførtes i Regelen saaledes: Rørloddet hexedes i Lodlinen. 

 og lige ovenfor Loddet fastgjordes et Dybvandsthermometer, 

 ganske som ved Lodning. Indmvningsmaskin.en udfiredes 

 100 Favne, og Thermometer No. 2 gjordes fast i Lodlinen 

 fra Loddebroen. Atter udfiredes det andet 100 Favne og 

 Thermometer No. 3 paasattes Linen. Paa denne Maade 

 anbrairtes 5 a 6 Thermometre paa Linen med 100 Favnes 

 Afstand og sienkedes ved Udfiring fra Indhivningsmaskinen 

 til de Dybder, i hvilke man vilde maale Temperaturen. 

 Naar alle Thermometre havde faaet Tid til at accommodere 

 sig. baledes Linen iud med Maskinen. Der stoppedes saa 

 lang Tid. som var nødyendig for at lose Thermometrene 

 fra Linen, etterhvert som de kom op. Der lagdes megen 

 Vind paa jevne Bevægelser under disse ( >perationer, for 

 ikke at udsætte Indexthermometrene for pludselige Ryk 

 eller Stod. I hoj Søgang maatte der benyttes megen For- 

 sigtighed ved Thermometrenes Aftagning af Linen. Far- 

 tøjet laa i Regelen, som ved Lodning. med Stevnen mod 

 Soen, men man kunde ikke altid holde Lodlinen saaledes. 

 at den kunde naaes med Haanden fra Loddebroen. Linen 

 maatte da bringes ind til Broen ved Hjælp af en Baads- 

 hage, der maatte gribe Linen under Thermometret for 

 ikke at komme til at berøre dette. 



Temperaturrækkerne udførtes kun meget faa Gange 

 ved at lade Linen folie ud fra Rullen, da dens Standsning 

 let medførte Ryk. som ialfald Indextherinometre ikke maa 

 udsættes for. 



Temperaturrækker paa Dybder mindre end 50 Favne 

 udførtes ofte med Haandlod og Haandline, der havde Mær- 

 ker for hver 5 eller 10 Favne. 



Temperaturrækkerne toges i Almindeligbed strax el- 

 ter et Lodskud. Flere ( iange blev der dog etter Lodskud- 

 det arbejdet med Skrabe eller Trawl, naar saadant faldt 

 belejligere. og Temperåturrækken toges da etter at disse Ar- 

 beider var færdige. Paa denne Maade er det gaaet til. 

 at Temperaturrækkens paaværende Plads undertiden er lidt 

 forskjellig fra Lodskuddets. 



Varigbeden af en Temperaturrække er naturligvis 

 forskjellig efter Antallet af Dybder, hvori Temperaturen 

 tåges og etter Dybdernes Størrelse. En Statistik, tagel 

 af Skibsjournalen, viser, at der til Lodskud og Temperatur- 

 rcefcke medgik omtrentlig: 

 Paa et Dyb af 100 Favne 30 til 50 Minutter. 



- - - - 500 — 1 Time 40 



- - - . - 100U — ' 2 Timer 30 

 . . . . 1 5i ii i _ 3 — 



- - - -2000 3 til 3 Timer 30 



M inutter. 



Serial Temperatures. 



For determining the temperature of the sea in diffe- 

 rent depths at the same observing-station, we took series 

 of temperatures. Our mode of operation was generally as 

 follows: — After shackling the tube-lead to the sounding-line, 

 we attached. just above the weight, a deep-sea thermome- 

 ter, precisely as for ordinary soimdings. Then, 100 fathoms 

 of line were veered out with the*donkey-engine, and Ther- 

 mometer No. 2 made fast. from the sounding-bridge, at the 

 first lmndred-fathom slip, after which we veered another 

 100 fathoms, and attached Thermometer No. 3 to the line 

 at the second slip. ln this manner, as manv as 5 or 6 

 thermometers were made fast to the sounding-line at inter- 

 vals of 100 fathoms. and sent down to register the tem- 

 perature in the desired depths. So soon as the thermome- 

 ters bad had time to take the temperature of the surround- 

 ing water, we started the dqnkey-engine and began hauling 

 in the lead. stopping, as each of the thermometers came 

 up over the rail of the bridge, to detacb it from the 

 line. Verv urent importance was attached to uniformity of 

 mo.tion pending these operations, so as not to expose the 

 index-thermometérs to any sudden jerk or shock. In a 

 heavy sea. we had to be specially careful when taking the 

 thermometers off the line. The ship generally lav head to 

 sea, as she did during the descent of the lead; neverthe- 

 less. we sometimes found it impossible to keep the line 

 within reach trom the sounding-bridge, in which case it 

 was got in with a boat-hook, care being tåken to hook the 

 line below the thermometer. and thus avoid coming in con- 

 tact with the latter. 



Only a few serial temperatures were tåken by letting 

 the line run out of itself. the necessary stoppages in that 

 case easily occasioning jerks, to which the index-thermo- 

 nieters. at least. must not be exposéd. 



At depths of less than 50 fathoms. serial temperar 

 tures were frequently tåken with the hand-lead, the line 

 being graduated into fives or tensof fathoms. 



As a rule. we took our serial temperatures immedi- 

 ately after sounding. On several occasions however. the 

 dredge. or trawl was. worked in preference, the serial tem- 

 peratures being in that case deferred till we had terminated 

 those operations. This accounts for the position in which 

 certain of the serial temperatures were tåken differing 

 slightly from that of the soundings. 



The time required to take a serial temperature will 

 obviously depend alike on the depth and the riumber of 

 temperatures. Data obtained from the ship's log-book show 

 the time occupied in taking a sounding and a serial tem- 

 perature to have averaged as follows: — 

 Kor a Depth of lon fathoms from 30 to 50 minutes. 

 - 500 . 1 hour 40 minutes. 



- - -1000 2 hours 30 



. . '_ . L500 3 — 



-2000 from .'! hours to 3 hours 



30 minutes. 



