paraterne og deres Brug. som jeg navnlig i 1876 men og- 

 saa de følgende Aar indsendte til Direktionen for den geo- 

 grafiske ( >pmaaling. Fremstillingen er imidlertid bleven 

 for en Del omarbeidet og udvidet. hvad der navnlig gjæl- 

 der Kapitlet om Navigationen. Eiter Professor Mohns 

 Ønske er ogsaa medtaget de af ham. tildels til andre Øje- 

 med. gjorte Studier over Loddernes Udlobshastigheder, over 

 Varigheden af Lodninger og Skrabninger. over Vandloggens 

 Theori og over Kronometrenes Gang, hvis Resultater tinde 

 sin naturlige Plads i denne Afhandling. Professor Mohn 

 har ligeledes ydet værdifulde Bidrag til Udarbej deisen af 

 de denne Afhandling ledsagende Tegninger. 



Skibet. 



Det til Expeditionen lejede Da.mpskib. "Yoringen." 1 

 var bygget af Træ. og var 35™ (1-1(1 n. F.) mellem Per- 

 pendiculærerne. 7'" {22 1 /, n. F.) bredt, stak 4 m (13 n. F.) 

 agter og maalte Brutto 344 Tons. Maskinen var paa 55 

 nominelle Hestekræfter og gav. med et Kulforbrug af 2 

 Tonder i Timen. Skibet en Fart af 7 1 ,- til 8 Knoli i roligt 

 Vejr. Besætningen bestod af Chef, 2 Officierer. 2 å 3 Styr- 

 mænd. 1 Båadsmand, 1 Tommermand. 8 helbefarne og 8 

 halvbefarne Matroser. 2 Maskinister. 6 Fyrbodere, 1 Messe- 

 kok, 1 Skibskok og 1 Tjener. 



■• Yoringen" viste sig at være et usædvanlig godt Sø- 

 skili. og afgav i alle Dele tilstrækkelig Plads, uden at der 

 dog kunde siges at være Bum tilovers. Under Expedi- 

 tionerne var det, som Fig. 1 viser, foruden med de almin- 

 delige Stag- og Gaffelsejl, tillige rigget med Topsejl paa 

 begge Master. Stængerne, der det forsto Aar (1876) vare 

 ganske korte, forlængedes. saavelsom Topsejlene. O. m (U/2 

 Fod) i 1877 for at skaffe større Sejlareal, men dette var allige- 

 vel for lidet til under abnindelige Omstændigheder at bruges 

 alene. Heldigvis indtraf der intet saadant Uheld ved Ma- 

 skinen, at Expeditionen var henvist udelukkende til Sejlenes 

 Brug. De gjorde imidlertid ofte god Nytte saavel ved 

 Manøvrer som til at hjelpe paa Farten. Ved Skibets Ud- 

 rustning var forovrigt ikke gjurt Regning paa dets Egen- 

 skaber under Sejl. Kulboxerne (Fig. 4 /,') vare udvidede 

 med en Del af Lasterummet under Mellemdækket, saa at 

 de rammede indtil 1400 Tønder, en Forsyning, der var 

 fuldt tilstrækkelig for den længste Tid, som Expeditionen 

 holdt Soen. 



Fig. 2 i Forbindelse med Fig. 1 viser de forskjellige 

 Apparaters Plads paa det øverste Dæk. Midten af dette 

 indtages at' en Overbygning riler Hytte. hvisDæk er frem- 



Reports on the Apparatus and how to work them. drawn up 

 by the author for the Directors of the Geographical Survey. 

 chiefly in 187(3. but alsq in the two following years. Mean- 

 while, the subject-matter has been carefully revised, and in 

 part expanded, more particularly as regards the section 

 that treats of navigating the ship. At the suggestion of 

 Professor Mohn, Director of the Meteorological Institute, 

 I have incorporated divers investigations. instituted by him 

 partly for other purposes, on the velocity of the sounding- 

 lead. the duration of soundings and dredgings, the theory 

 of the water-log. and the rates of the chronometers, the 

 results of which may be given an appropriate place in this 

 division of the General Report. Furthermore. for not a 

 few of the illustrations I am wholly, or in part. indebted 

 to the pencil of Professor Mohn. 



Opkaldt 'tirr Vøringfossen i Hardanger 



The Ship. 



The S. S. "Vøringen," 1 the vessel selected for the 

 Expedition. was built of wood, had a length of 144 feet 

 between the perpendiculars, 23 1 /- feet beam. and measured 

 344 tons gross weight. Her engines were of 55 horse power, 

 nominal, and propelled her in calm weather at the rate of 

 from 7 1 /» to 8 knots an hour. with a consumption of 430 

 pounds of coal. The ship's complement consisted of the 

 captain, 2 chief officers, 2 mates (on the last cruise there 

 was a third mate), the boatswain, the carpenter, 8 able 

 and 8 ordinary seamen, 2 engineers. 6 firemen, a steward, 

 the ship's cook. and one servant. 



The "Yoringen'* proved an excellent sea-boat, and 

 afforded sufficient accomodation, though it cannot be said 

 there was roorn to spare. She cårried on the three cruises 

 of the Expedition (see Frontispiece). exclusive of the usual 

 fore-and-aft sails. a top-sail on either mast. The top- 

 masts. which were rather short. I had lengthened a foot 

 and a half for the second cruise, in 1S77. as also the 

 top-sails. to give greater spread of canvas; but this was 

 still insufticient for working the ship under all plain sail. 

 Fortunately. no such accident occurred to the engine or 

 the screw as would have leffc the sails our only resource. 

 Yet they often stood us in good stead. no less in handling 

 the ship than to increase her speed. For the rest. the 

 qualities of the -'Vøringen" as a sailing-vessel had not been 

 tåken into account when equipping her for the Expedition. 

 The dimensions of the coal-bunkers (Fig. 4 /,•) were in- 

 creased. hy encroaching on the hold below the orlop-deck, 

 to admit. if necessary, of stowing about 150 tons. a supply 

 amply suthcient for the Longest cruise the Expedition would 

 undertake. 



Figs. 1 and 2 show together the general arrangement 

 of the apparatus 011 the lipper deck. The middle portion 

 of the hitter was occupied liv a roundhouse, of which 



Named after the "Vøringfos," ;i eelebrated waterfall in Hardanger. 



