■i:\ 



(0.4 geogr. Mil), Lagunen medregnet.' Drus Fladeind- 



hold er 7.32 geogr. Kvadratmil. 



Sydlandets Hojde naar ikke paa langt nær op til 

 Nordlandets. Sydlandet danner et Højplateau, der mod 

 Sydost og Syd bar mange bratte Styrtninger mod Havet, 

 men mod Nordvest har foran sig et lavt Forland, hvis 

 Hojde ikke rækker 100 Meter over Havet. Hojden af 

 Svellandets Plateau anslaar jeg til omkring 300 Meter. 

 Ovenpaa dette hæve sig nogle større Højder, af hvilke den 

 hojeste, der synes at frembyde en konisk Spids og saaledes 

 muligens er en vulkansk Kegle. neppe rager over 500 Meter 

 op over Havfiadén. 



Den laven- midterste Del af Øen, der er bygget af 

 faste Lavamasser og rigelig besat med Eruptionskratere. 

 naar paa sit laveste en omtrentlig Hojde af kun li' i Meter 

 eller maaske mindre, medens Kratertoppene naa op til 



Den nordlige Del er den største og mest fremtræ- 

 dende. I dens Midte troner det 1950JÆeter høje Beeren- 

 berg, en udslukt Vulkan; Krateret har en Bredde af 1330 

 Meter. Den øverste Kegle har en ydre Skraaning af 42° 

 og en Hojde af omkring 60*0 Meter. Den synes, at dømme 

 efter de sorte Flekker, der navnlig paa Vestsiden ere saa 

 fremtrædende. at være dannet af Aske. Den Basis, hvor- 

 paa denne Kegle hviler, skraaner til alle Kanter udåd med 

 en Heldning af 8 til LO Uråder, en Heldning der mod 

 Nord og Øst fortsætter under Havet til mindst 1000 Fav- 

 nes Dyb. Kraterets Rand viser sig takket og den hojeste 

 Tinde ligger paa Vestsiden. Mod Nord er Kratervæggen 

 tildels indstyrtet paa en Hojde af et Par hundrede Meter. 

 Den saaledes dannede Dalsænkning fortsætter nordover ned 

 imod Nordsiden af Øen, begrændset paa begge Sider af 

 divergerende Bergrygge, der tildels skyde sig frem terrasse- 

 vis. Dette er Beerenbergs val del bove. der danner Firn- 

 mulden for dens største Isbræer. som skyde sig ud paa 

 Nordsiden. Paa Østsiden tindes ogsaa fremstaaende Ribber; 

 der dele Østsidens Gletscherfelter. men mod Syd og Vest 

 synes den ovre Kegles Yderflade at være meget jevn. kim 

 oppe ved Kraterranden furet af sniaa Indsænkninger mellem 

 Kratertakkerne. Beerenbergs Basis gaar mod Vest. Syd- 

 vest og Nordost med temmelig jevne Skraaninger helt ned 

 til Havet eller Lavlandet, men mod Nord og mod Øst 

 danner den særdeles stejle Kyster, der frembyde Præcipicer 

 paa 300 Meters Hojde. Paa flere Steder er Basisen 

 gjennemfuret af dybe Indskj æringer, gjennem hvilke Is- 

 bræerne tinde sin Vej til Havet, 



breadth of the northern part is a Little more than 2 geo- 

 graphical miles, that of the southern 1 ' . .. geo raphical 

 miles, and the connecting tract (including the lagoon) 

 measures at the narrowest point l 1 /- Englislr miles acrnss 

 (0.4 geographical mile). The area ol the island is 7.."»^ 

 geographical square miles. 



The northern part of Jan Mayen is larger and more 

 elevated than the southern. .From its central tract towers 

 the monarch of the island. Mount Beerenberg, an ex- 

 tinct volcano, rising in regal majesty to. the height of 

 6400 feet. The crater measures 4360 feet in diameter. 

 The upper cone, 'which shelves at an angle of 42" and ati 

 t.iins an altitude of about 2000 feet, would, to judge from 

 the black spots so conspicuous on its western declivity, 

 appear to be composed of ashes. The base supporting the 

 cone slopes out in every .direction at an angle of from * 

 to LO degrees, and this incline is retained towards the north 

 and east to a depth of at least L000 fathoms beneath 

 the sea-level. The edge of the crater lias a jagged appear- 

 ance. and the loftiest peak lies on the west side of the 

 mountain. Towards the north, the wall of the crater has 

 partially given way down to a height of from 600 to 700 

 feet. The depression thus formed extends northwards to- 

 wards the north coast of the island. bounded on eitlier side 

 by diverging mountain ridges, that here and there project 

 ledge-like one above the other. This is Beerenbérg's ved 

 del bove, which constitutes the snow-field for the largest of 

 its glaciers, that jut out from the north side of the moun- 

 tain. On the east side, too, are seen prominent ribs, all. 

 of which intersect the neves of the east side; towards the 

 south and west. however, the surface of the outer cone 

 would appear to be remarkably smooth. at the edge of the 

 crater only being furrowed with shallow depressions between 

 the jags. The base of Mount Beerenberg shelves towards 

 the west. south-west. and north-east with a comparativelv 

 gentle incline. either to the water's edge or the low-lying 

 shore. towards the north and east. however, the descent at 

 the coast is very abrupt, exhibiting precipices 1000 feet 

 high. Ln several places the hase of the mountain is inter- 

 seeted by deep ravines, through which the glaciers tind a 

 jiassage to the sea. 



The height of the southern part of the island cannot 

 be compared to that of the northern. The southern land 

 constitutes a wide plateau. which. in a south-easterly and 

 southerly direction exhibits numerous precipices' along the 

 coast. hut. towards the north-west, has extending before it 

 a low-lying forela nd. less than 300 feet above the sea. 

 The height of the plateau 1 estimated at 1000 feet, Rising 

 above this table-land are seen several snmmits; the loftiest, 

 which has apparently a conical form, and may therefore 

 be of eruptive origin, can liardlv attain an altitude of 

 L600 feet above the sea-level. 



The low middle tract of the island. which is built 

 up of compact masses of lava and bears numerous eruptive 

 craters, has at its lowest point an elevation of only 200 

 feet. or perhaps even less. whereas the crater summits 



