28 LYCOPODIACEAE 



oblanceolate, broadest above the middle, there erose-denticulate, tapering to a nar- 

 rower base, 8-11 mm. long, arranged in alternating zones of longer and shorter leaves, 

 the latter more often fertile, less denticulate, or entire: plant often gemmiparous. 



In low cool woods, Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to South Carolina, Ten- 

 nessee and Iowa. 



3. Lycopodium porophilum Lloyd & Underw. Stems rising 5-10 cm. from a 

 curved or short-decumbent base, 1-3-times dichotomous, the branches densely leafy, 

 vertical, close. Leaves spreading or somewhat deflexed, 4-7 mm. long, entire or 

 minutely denticulate, arranged in alternating zones of longer and shorter, the 

 former slightly broadest above the middle, attenuate, the latter distinctly broadest 

 at the base, tapering thence to an acuminate apex, and more often fertile : plant 

 often gemmiparous. 



On partially shaded rocks, usually sandstone, Wisconsin to Indiana and Alabama. 



4. Lycopodium adpr^ssum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw. Stems mostly pros- 

 trate, 1.5-4 dm. long, usually simple, leafy; peduncles arising directly from the 

 creeping stem, 1-3 dm. long, terminated by a slender often elongate spike 2-7 cm. 

 long. Leaves of the stem lanceolate-acuminate, 6-7 mm. long, curved upward, 

 irregularly toothed, those of the peduncles more slender, incurved, mostly appressed, 

 yellowish green, the lower ones toothed, the upper nearly or quite entire: sporojihyls 

 mostly incurved and sub-appressed, abruptly subulate from a broader (ovate) more 

 or less toothed base. [L. Chap7nanii Underw.] 



On moist banks and at borders of swamps, New York to Florida, Alabama and 

 Louisiana ; mainly coastal. 



5. Lycopodium alopecuroides L. Stems elongated, 3-6 dm. long, stout, 

 mostly recurved and more or less arching, densely leafy throughout ; peduncles stout, 

 2-3 dm. long, erect, arising usually from the arches of the sterile stems, terminating 

 in stout densely leafy spikes 2.5-10 cm. long. Leaves of the stem very numerous, 

 spreading, lanceolate-attenuate to linear-subulate, noticeably long bristle-toothed, 

 commonly hairy below near the base, those of the peduncle similar, ascending or 

 spreading; sporophyls similar, but not hairy below, broader at the base, longer, more 

 slender, with long setaceous tips, ascending, spreading, or finally reflexed. 



In low pine lands, Long Island, New York, to Florida and Mississippi ; mainly coastal. 

 Also in Brazil. 



6. Lycopodium prostratum Harper. Stems 2-3 dm. long, pinnately branched, 

 1-2 mm. thick, prostrate, leafy throughout; peduncles erect, stoutish, 2.5-4 dm. long, 

 terminating in stout leafy spikes, 3-12 cm. long and 5 mm. or more thick. Leaves 

 of the stem dorsiventrally arranged, 8-9 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, slightly curved, 

 long-toothed, those of the upper side smaller, all slightly contracted at the base, 

 those of the peduncle similar but narrower and more attenuate, very numerous; 

 sporophyls similar to the pedunclar leaves but more slender and longer. [L. pin- 

 natum Lloyd & Underw. Not Lam.] 



In low sandy ground, southern Georgia, Florida and Alabama. 



7. Lycopodium Carolini^numL. Stems prostrate or creeping, 1-15 cm. long, 

 1-1.5 mm. thick, pinnately branching. Stem-leaves of 2 kinds, the apparently lateral 

 ones ovate-lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, falcate, recurved, acute, entire, with the midrib 

 asymmetrically placed; leaves of the upper side of the stem 3-4 mm. long, subulate 

 above the broad base: peduncles slender, 5-22 cm. tall, with a few small whorled or 

 scattered bracts: spikes slender, 1-5 cm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick: sporophyls triangu- 

 lar, acuminate, entire or erose: sporanges compressed. 



In sandy bogs. New Jersy to Florida and Mississipppi. Also in tropical America. 



8. Lycopodium obscurum L. Main stem creeping horizontally, deep in the 

 ground, giving off a few distant upright aerial branches 1-2.5 dm. high, these tree- 

 like, with numerous bushy branches. Leaves 8-ranked on the lower branches, 6- 

 ranked on the terminal, linear-lanceolate, curved upward, twisted (especially above), 

 the branches thus more or less dorsiventral : sporophyls broadly ovate, subulate, the 

 margins scariose and erose. [L. dendroideum Michx.] 



In woods, Newfoundland to Alaska, southward in the mountains to Washington and 

 Georgia. Also in China and Japan. Ground Pine. 



9. Lycopodium cfernuum L. Stems procumbent, arching or ascending, 2-7 dm. 

 long, with numerous relatively short spreading lateral branches, these very leafy 

 throughout and with many short simple or branched divisions. Leaves numerous, 

 acicular, 3-5 mm. long, spreading and upwardly curved: spikes terminal upon many 

 of the ultimate branches, sessile, nodding, cylindrical, 4-7 mm. long: sporophyls 

 ovate, acuminate, delicately lacerate: sporanges minute. 



In sandy soil or pine lands, Florida to southern Mississippi. Common in the tropics. 



