32 PINACEAE 



Order 1. CYCADALES. 



Palm-like or fern-like plants. Leaves in a crown : blades pinnate. Flowers 

 in cones of approximate scales or on slightly modified leaves. Staminate cones 

 with scales bearing several pollen sacs. Ovulate cones with two or more ovules 

 on each scale. Seed drupe-like or nut-like. 



Family 1. CYCADACEAE Lindl. Cycas Family. 

 Characters of the order. 



1. ZAMIA L.' 



Fern-like plants, growing in sandy soil. Leaflets jointed at the rachis, with 

 parallel veins. Cones stalked, the scales peltate, spiral, the mature pistillate ones 

 erect. — Coontie. Comfort-root. 



Leaflets 10-16-veined: fruiting cones 12-16.5 cm. long, markedly umbonate. 1. Z. Floridana. 



Leaflets 20-28-veined : fruiting cones 6.5-10.5 cm. long, scarcely umbonate. 2. Z. pumila. 



1. Zamia Floridana DC. Leaves 4-9 dm. long; leaflets 28-40, the blades 

 linear, 9-14 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide: mature ovulate cones oblong, pubescent with 

 dark brown persistent hairs, the seed-bearing scales thick. 



In dry pine forests, southern peninsular Florida. 



2. Zamia pumila L. Leaves shorter than those of Z. Floridana; leaflets 32-44, 

 the blades linear-oblanceolate to linear-oblong, 7-11 cm. long, 8-16 mm. wide : mature 

 ovulate cones elliptic, tomentose with ferruginous, partially deciduous hairs, the 

 seed-bearing scales thin. 



In moist woods, middle peninsular Florida, particularly on the east coast. 



Order 2. FINALES. 



Shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like or narrow, or needle-like and often 

 borne in bundles. Flowers mainly monoecious, the cones of spirally imbricated 

 bracts, or in Taxaceae the ovulate flowers are often solitary. Seeds borne in 

 cones of dry or fleshy scales, or wholly or partially naked. 



Ovulate flowers several, with carpellary scales, these sometimes bracted; fruit a cone, either dry 

 or fleshy. 

 Carpellary scales with bracts, not peltate: ovules inverted: buds scaly: wing accompanying 



the seed a portion of the carpellary scale. Fam. 1. Pinace.'VE. 



Carpellary scales without bracts, mostly peltate, or fleshy: ovules erect: 



buds naked: wing of the seed, when present, a portion of the testa. Fam. 2. Juniperaceae. 

 Ovulate flowers solitary or 2, without carpellary scales: fruit drupaceous 



or baccate. Fam. 3. Taxaceae. 



Family 1. PINACEAE Lindl. Pine Family. 



Mostly evergreen resin-yielding shrubs or trees, typically conic, with flaky 

 or brittle bark, the buds scaly. Leaves narrow and solitary or needle-like and 

 usually several together, each group with a sheath at the base. Ovulate aments 

 with bracted scales. Ovules inverted. Fruit a cone of dry scales. Seeds usually 

 2 on each scale, often samara-like. 



Leaves several together, surrounded by a sheath at the base: cones maturing the second year. 

 Cone-scales with dorsal usually spine-armed appendages: leaves mostly in 2's or 3's. 



Leaves with 2 fibro-vascular bundles: seeds with elongated wings, these free from the scales, 



and attached to the seeds when they fall. 1. Pinus. 



Leaves with 1 fibro-vascular bundle: seeds with narrow or rudimentary 



wings, these adnate to the scales when the seeds fall. 2. Caryopitvs. 



Cone-scales with inconspicuous terminal unarmed appendages: leaves in 5's. 3. Strobus. 

 Leaves solitary, without a sheath: cones maturing the first year. 

 Cones drooping; bracts shorter than the scales. 



Leaves 4-sided or nearly terete, spreading: anther-sacs opening lengthwise. 4. Picea. 



Leaves flat, apparently 2-ranked: anther-sacs opening transversely. 5. Tsuga. 



Cones erect: bracts longer than the scales. 6. Abies. 



1. PINUS L. 



Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves needle-like, mostly in 2 's or 3 's and each with 

 2 fibro-vascular bundles. Staminate aments elongated, at the ends of branches of the 

 ^ Contributed by Dr. Herbert J. Webber. 



