36 JUNIPEEACEAE 



Family 2. JTJNIPERACEAE Horan. Juniper Family. 



Mostly evergreen often slightly resiniferous shrubs or trees, with fibrous, 

 shreddy bark, the buds naked. Leaves mainly a^ipressed scales or sometimes 

 subulate and spreading. Ovulate aments with braetless scales. Ovules erect. 

 Fruit a cone of dry often peltate, scales, or baccate or drupaceous. Seed wing- 

 less, or winged, the wing a jDortion of the testa. 



Plants monoecious: cones dry: scales merely imbricated. 



Leaves not scale-like, spreading. 1. Taxodium. 



Leaves mostly scale-like, typically appressed and imbricated. 



Cones elongated: scales not peltate: seeds winged at both ends. 2. Thuja. 



Cones nearly globose: scales peltate: seeds slightly winged. 3. Ch.\maecvparis. 



Plants mostly dioecious: cones berry-like or drupe-like: scales fleshy, coalescent. 

 Leaves subulate and spreading on the mature branches: aments axillary, 



the ovulate with smaller scales at the top. 4. Juniperus. 



Leaves scale-like and appressed on the mature branches: aments terminal, 



the ovulate with larger scales at the top. 5. Sabina. 



1. TAXODIUM L. C. Kich.i 



Deciduous-leaved trees, the roots producing erect conic knees. Leaves often 



almost 2-ranked: blades narrow. Staminate aments in panicled spikes or racemes. 



Ovulate aments with peltate scales. Cones spreading, globular or obovoid, the scales 



woody, stalked. Seeds wingless. Spring. Cypress. 



Leaves 2-ranked, widely spreading: branchlets horizontal: bark thin, comparatively smooth. 

 M 1. T. dislichum. 



Leaves appressed to the erect branchlets: bark thick, strongly furrowed. 2. T. ascendans. 



1. Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Eich. A tree becoming 49 m. tall, the base 

 of trunk conic, narrowly ridged, the bark thin, relatively smooth : leaves 1-1.5 cm. long, 

 often curved: cones globular, about 2.5 cm. in diameter: seeds 8—10 mm. long. 



In swamps, in or near the coastal plain, usually along the larger rivers and over cal- 

 careous rocks, Delaware to Florida and Texas, ascending the Mississippi Valley to Missouri 

 and Indiana. — A Mexican species, T. mucrondtum Tenore, may occur in southern Texas. 

 Bald Cypress. 



2. Taxodium asc6ndens Brongn. A tree typically smaller than T. distichum, 

 but with very similar inflorescence and fruit, the knees less abundant, the trunk with a 

 conoidal broadly ridged base: leaves incurved; blades 0.5-1 cm. long. 



In pine-land ponds, creeks and small rivers in the coastal plain, usually over a clay 

 subsoil, Virginia (?) (Dismal Swamp) to Florida and Louisiana. Pond Cypress. 



h . 



2. THUJA L. 



Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, 4-ranked, often with a gland on 

 the back. Staminate aments solitary. Ovulate aments with imbricated scales: cones 

 drooping, oblong or ovoid, the scales leathery, las. Seeds winged on both sides. 



1. Thuja occidentalis L. A shrub, or a tree becoming IS m. tall, the branchlets 

 zigzag: leaves appressed, those of the branches 5—7 mm. long, those of the twigs of 

 2 forms, one set flattish, the other boat-like and overlapping the flat ones: staminate 

 aments in depression: cones 9-13 mm. long; scales obtuse, each with a gland at the 

 apex: seeds 5 mm. long, the wings 6-7 mm. long. 



In swamps or on rocky banks, New Brunswick to Manitoba, North Carolina and 

 Tennessee. Spring. White Cedah. Arbor Vitae. 



3. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. 

 Trees. Leaves scale-like and imbricated, each with a gland on the back, or 

 sometimes subulate on twigs. Staminate aments terminal. Ovulate aments with 

 peltate scales. Cones spreading, globular: scales woody, appendaged. Seeds angled 

 or slightly winged. Cypress. 



1. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. A strong-scented tree becoming 27 

 m. tall: leaves 1-2 nun. long, appressed, the lateral ones keeled, the vertical merely 

 convex: staminate aments 2-3 mm. long: ovulate aments glaucous, the scales with 

 hyaline appendages: cones globular, 5-7 mm. in diameter: seeds narrowly winged. 



Coastal plain, Maine to Florida and Mississippi. Spring. White Cedae. 



* Eevised by Dr. Eoland M. Harper. 



