206 CYPERACEAE 



b. Perigynia erect or appressed. 113. a tenera. 



B. Perigynia about as broad as long or broader than long. 

 Spikes green-brown. 



Perigynia spreading or ascending, 3-3.5 mm. broad : achenes sessile. 114. C.festucacea. 

 Perigynia erect, 4-5 mm. broad : achenes stipitate. 115. C. alata. 



Spikes silvery green, whitish, yellowish or rusty. 



Spikes 15-20 mm. long : perigynia 8-10 mm. long. 116. C. Brittoniana. 



Spikes 6-12 mm. long : perigynia 3-6 mm. long. 

 Perigynium-wing firm : achene sessile. 



ISIature spikes loose : perigynium long-beaked, the body broader 



than long. 117. c. reniformis. 



Mature spikes dense : perigynium short-beaked, the body longer 



than broad. 118. C. albnlutescem. 



Perigynium-wing membranous : achene stipitate. 119. C'. BickneUii. 



1. Carex CoUinsii Xutt. Green. Stems and scapes slender, erect or reclining, 

 1.5-5 dm. long: leaf-blades narrow, the broader about 5 mm. wide: staminate spike 

 stalked : pistillate spikes 2-4, distant, 2-8-flowered : bracts similar to the leaves : stigmas 

 3 : perigynia light green, scarcely inflated, subulate, 1-1.4 cm. long, each tapering into an 

 almost filiform beak, faintly many-nerved, strongly reflexed when mature, about 3 times 

 as long as the lanceolate-acuminate persistent scale. [C subulata Michx.] 



In bogs, Rhode Island to eastern Pennsylvania and the mountians of Georgia. Summer. 



2. Carex foUiculata L. Yellow or yellowish. Stems and scapes erect or reclining, 

 4-10 dm. long : leaf-blades often 12 mm. wdde : pistillate spikes 2-4, usually distant, all 

 except the uppermost slender-stalked, the lower often nodding : bracts commonly over- 

 topping the spikes : stigmas 3 : perigynia ovoid, slightly inflated, green, ratlier jiromi- 

 nently many-nerved, 12-16 mm. long, about 2 mm. in diameter near the l)ase, each 

 tapering from below the middle into a slender 2-toothed beak, longer than the awned 

 scarious-margined persistent scale, the teeth nearly erect. 



In swamps and wet woods, Newfoundland to Michigan, North Carolina and West Virginia. Prob- 

 ably extends further south.— The smaller and more slender form, with larger and looser pistillate spikes, 

 more slender scarcely inflated perigynia and shorter scales, is C. foUiculata austrdlis Bailey ; it ranges 

 from South Carolina to Louisiana and Florida. Spring to fall. 



3. Carex Elliottii Schw. & Torr. Green. Stems and scapes 3-9 dm. tall, slender : 

 leaves overtopped by the scape ; blades narrowly linear, conspicuously elongated, 2.5-3.5 

 mm. wide : staminate spike slender, 1.5-2 cm. long : pistillate spikes mostly 3, subglobose 

 or slightly elongated, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, 8-16-flowered, approximate, or the lower one 

 remote and longer-peduncled : stigmas 3 : perigynia lanceolate in outline, 6-8 mm. long, 

 spreading, few-nerved, abont twice as long as the scale, each tapering into a smooth 2-cleft 

 beak with erect teeth. 



About boggy pine-land streams, North Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 



4. Carex intumescens Rudge. Deep green. Stems and scapes slender, 4-9 dm. 

 high : leaf-blades elongated, roughish, 3-6 mm. wide : bracts similar, overtopping the 

 scape : staminate spike mostly long-stalked : pistillate spikes 1-3, sessile or short-stalked, 

 globose or ovoid : scales narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or aristate, about 5 as long as the 

 perigynia : stigmas 3 : perigynia 1-30, spreading or the upper erect, 12-20 ram. long, 

 much inflated, about 6 mm. in diameter above the base, many-nerved, each tapering into a 

 subulate 2-toothed beak, the teeth somewhat spreading. 



In swamps and wet woods, Newfoundland to Manitoba, Florida and Louisiana. Spring to fall. 



5. Carex Asa-Grayi Bailey. Deep green. Stems and scapes stout, 5-9 dm. tall : leaf- 

 blades elongated, dark green, 6-9 mm. wide : l)racts similar to the upper leaves, usually 

 much overtopping the scape : staminate spike mostly long-stalked : pistillate spikes 1 or 2, 

 dense, about 2.5 cm. in diameter : scales ovate or lanceolate, acuminate or cuspidate, 

 scarious, about J as long as the perigynia : stigmas 3 : perigynia 10-30, ovoid, glabrous or 

 pubescent, much inflated, many-nerved, about 8 mm. in diameter, each tapering to a sharp 

 2-toothed beak. [C. G/'oi/i Carey.] 



In swamps and wet meadows, Vermont to Michigan. Georgia and Missouri. Summer and fall. 



6. Carex Louisianica Bailey. Stems and scapes slender, smooth or nearly so, 2-5 

 dm. tall : leaves roughish ; blades 2-4 mm. wide, tlie upper overtopping the spikes : stam- 

 inate spike long-stalked : pistillate spikes 1-3, oblong, about 2.5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. 

 thick, erect, the lower slender-stalked, the upper nearly sessile : scales oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, about h as lon,g as the perigynia : stigmas 3 : perigynia ovoid, nnich inflated, 

 smooth, strongly several-nerved, shining, 10-12 mm. long, about 5 mm. in diameter at the 

 rounded base, each tapering into a long 2-toothed beak, the small teeth slightly spreading. 

 [C Halei Carey.] 



In swamps, Missouri to Texas and Florida. Summer. 



