CYPERACEAE 215 



sessile : pistillate spikes 2 or 3, the lower one often slender-stalked and nearly basal, all 

 erect, 8-16 mm. long: scales ovate, obtnse, about i as longas the perigynia : perigynia 

 oblong, pale, o-angled, many-nerved, 2 mm. long, pointed at both ends, minutely straight- 

 beaked, the orifice entire. 



In moist woods and thickets, Massachusetts and New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana. Summer. 



71. Carex Baltzellii Chapm. Leaves glaucous, overtopping the scape ; blades 4-10 

 mm. wide, very scabrous above : scapes 5-20 cm. tall, smooth : staminate spike 1.5-3.5 cm. 

 long, rigid, often with few pistillate flowers at the base : pistillate spikes 3-6, narrowly 

 cylhidric, 1-4 cm. long, 4-5 mm. thick, rather loosely several-many-flowered, all except 

 the upper 1 or 2, on long arching or recurved basal or nearly basal peduncles : scales 

 obovate, about as long as the perigynia, mucronate, reddish brown : perigynia narrowly 

 oblong-obovoid, about 4 mm. long, abruptly short-pointed, pubescent. 



In dry pine woods, middle Florida. Spring. 



72. Carex pedicellata (Dewey) Britton. Plants not stoloniferous. Leaves light 

 green, shorter than the scapes ; blades 2-4 mm. wide : scapes slender, roughish above, 1.5-5 

 dm. long: lower bract 0.6-5 cm. long: staminate spike short-stalked, 8-25 mm. long: 

 pistillate spikes 2-4, short-oblong, few-flowered : scales green, ovate, acute : perigynia oval 

 or oblong, rather less than 2 mm. long, pale, pubescent, eacb with a subulate 2-toothed 

 beak J the length of the body. 



In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia, Ohio and Nebraska. Spring and summer. 



73. Carex PennsylvAnica Lam. Plants stoloniferous. Leaves dark or dull green ; 



blades 1-3 mm. wide or rarely narrower, the old sheaths persistent and fibrillose : scapes 



slender, 1.5-4 dm. tall : lower bract rarely over 1 cm. long : staminate spike sessile or very 



short-stalked, 1-2.5 cm. long: pistillate spikes 1-3, short-oblong, few-flowered, sessile: 



scales ovate, purplish, acute or cuspidate : perigynia oval, about 2 mm. long, pubescent, 



1 -ribbed on each side, each with a 2-toothed beak about j the length of the body. 



In dry soil. New Brunswick to Manitoba and the Northwest Territory, to Nortli Carolina, Georgia, 

 Tennessee and Kansas. Spring. 



74. Carex vaiia Muhl. Plants stoloniferous. Leaf -blades 1-2.5 mm. wide, nearly 

 always shorter than the scape: scapes filiform, erect or somewhat spreading, 1.5-5 dm. 

 long : lower bract scale-like or sitbulate, rarely 2 cm. long : staminate spike 4-8 mm. long, 

 sessile, usually rather prominent : pistillate spikes 2-4, 4-6 mm. long : scales ovate, green 

 or purplish brown, acute : perigynia oblong, pubescent, about 2 mm. long, narrowed at the 

 base, each with a subulate minutely 2-toothed beak commonly 1 the length of the body. 



In dry soil. Nova Scotia to Ontario, Manitoba, Georgia and Texas. Spring and summer. 



75. Carex Ploridana Schwein. Plants stoloniferous. Leaves bright green, overtopping 

 the inflorescence ; blades 2-5 mm. wide, rough-margined : scapes tufted, often very short : 

 staminate spike 0.5-1 cm. long, inconspicuous, not much surpassing the 1 or 2 accompany- 

 ing sessile pistillate spikes, these less than 1 cm. long, terminating filiform peduncles 1-2 

 dm. long : scales green or sparingly dark blotched : perigynia plano-convex, 3-3.5 mm. 

 long, glabrous, each with a stipe-like base and a curved subulate beak. 



In light dry soil, Florida to Texas. Spring. 



76. Carex nigro-marginata Schwein. Plants stoloniferous. Leaves bright green, 

 much longer than the scapes ; blades 2-4 mm. wide, rather stiff : scapes filiform, 5-20 cm. 

 long : bracts short and subulate or wanting : staminate spike sessile, 4-6 mm. long : pistil- 

 late spikes 1-3, sessile, about 6 mm. long : scales acute or cuspidate, black or with broad 

 black-purple margins, rather longer than the perigynia : perigynia oblong, narrowed at 

 the base into short stipes, pubescent or nearly' glabrous, 2-3 mm. long, each witha cylindric- 

 subulate 2-toothed beak ^ or } as long as the body. 



In dry soil, New York to North Carolina. Spring and summer. 



77. Carex umbellata Schk. Plants stoloniferous. Leaves light green, usually 



much exceeding the scapes ; blades 1-3 mm. wide, the old sheatlis fibrillose : scapes tufted 



and matted, filiform, 5-15 cm. long: staminate spike commonly conspicuous: pistillate 



spikes 1-3, filiform-stalked from the basal sheaths or 1 or 2 of them sessile or very nearly 



so at the base of the staminate spike, ovoid-oblong, 4-8 mm. long : scales acuminate or 



short-awned, about as long as the perigynia : perigynia oval, pubescent, 3-angled, the body 



rather less than 2 mm. long, tipped with a subulate 2-toothed beak of nearly its length. 



In dry soil. Nova Scotia to the Northwest Territory, New Jersey, the Indian Territory and Oregon. 

 Spring and summer. 



78. Carex planostdchys Kunze. Leaves bright green, approximate, overtopping 

 the inflorescence; blades stifi', 0.5-3 dm. long, involute, scabrous: scapes tufted, very 

 short : staminate spike solitary at the base of the uppermost pistillate spike, inconspicu- 



