216 CYPERACEAE 



ous, sessile or nearly so : pistillate spikes 1 or 2, loosely few-flowered at the summit of fili- 

 form mostly basal peduncles, 1-1.5 cm. long : perigynia 3-angled, narrowly ovoid, 5-6 mm. 

 long, acute, glabrous or minutely tomentulose, many-nerved, each with a terete entire or 

 nearly entire beak. 



In dry soil, Texas and Mexico. Spring and fall. 



79. Carex Chapmanii Sartw. Leaves bright green, glabrous, overtopped by the 



scape ; blades firm, channeled, 2-5 mm. wide, roughish : scapes tufted, rigid, 2-7 dm. tall, 

 glabrous : staminate spike 1-3 cm. long, erect : pistillate spikes 2-3, apjjroximate at the top 

 of the scape, oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long, less than 1 cm. thick, sessile : scales more than ^ as 

 long as the perigynia : perigynia 3-angled, narrowly ovoid, 4.5-5 mm. long, many-ribbed, 

 short-beaked, sjiaringly pubescent. [C. #ena.r Chapm. ] 



On dry sand ridges, South Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 



80. Carex dasycdrpa Muhl. Leaves pubescent, overtopped by the scape, blades 

 1.5-5 mm. broad, rough-margined: scapes tufted, 1.5-4 dm. tall, slender, glabrous or 

 nearly so : staminate spike solitary, 1-2 cm. long, short-peduncled : pistillate spikes 2-3, 

 oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 6-8 mm. thick, few-flowered, sessile, approximate : scales abruptly 

 pointed, about j as long as the perigynia : perigynia 3-angled, elliptic, about 5 mm. long, 

 woolly, scarcely beaked, several-ribbed. 



In sandy woods. South Carolina to Florida. Spring and summer. 



81. Carex Fraseii Andr. Monoecious. Leaves glalirous, pale green ; blades 2-4 

 dm. long, flat, firm, spreading, finely many-nerved, and with their margins usually finely 

 crumpled in drying, accompanied by clasping basal sheaths : scapes smooth, slender, re- 

 clining, 2.5-5 dm. long : spike solitary, bractless, terminal, androgynous, 1-2.5 cm. long, 

 the pistillate portion dense, about 1.2 cm. in diameter in fruit : scales ovate, obtuse, much 

 shorter than the perigynia : perigynia ovoid, pale green, faintly many-nerved, fully 4 mm. 

 long, each with a short nearly truncate beak. Our largest-leaved species. 



In rich mountain woods, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina. Spring and 

 summer. 



82. Carex picta Steud. Dioecious. Leaves glabrous, liglit green ; blades 3-6 mm. 

 wide : scape slender, smooth, 1.5-3 dm. long : spike usually solitary, densely many-flow- 

 ered, the staminate about 2.5 cm. long, the pistillate narrowed at the base, 2-6 cm. long, 

 subtended by a short purple sheath : scales purple, sliining, obovate, acute or cuspidate, 

 longer and wider than the perigynia : perigynia strongly many-nerved, pubescent at least 

 toward the obtuse summit, about 3 mm. long. [C. Booltiana Benth.] 



In woods, Indiana to Alabama and Louisiana. Summer. 



83. Carex Willdenovii Schk. Monoecious. Leaves glabrous and pale green, often 

 3 dm. long, much overtopping the spikes ; blades 2-3 mm. wide, the lowest reduced to 

 sheaths : scapes 2-10 cm. high : spikes 1-5, androgynous, staminate above, pistillate be- 

 low, or sometimes completely staminate, about 1.2 cm. long, appearing nearly basal, one 

 of them or more on long filiform stalks : scales lanceolate, acute, acuminate or awned, 

 finely several-nerved, the lower 1 or 2 commonly bract-like : body of the perigynium ob- 

 long, smooth, 2-3 mm. long, narrowed into a 2-edged rough beak of about its own length. 



In dry woods and thickets, Maine to Ohio, Michigan, Manitoba, Florida, Kentucky and Texas. 

 Spring and summer. 



84. Carex Jam^sii Schwein. Similar to the next preceding species, but the leaf- 



l)lades rather narrower, soft, spreading or ascending : spikes androgynous, the terminal 



staminate portion slender, tlie pistillate flowers only 1-4 and slightly separated : lower 



scales bract-like, foliaceous, the upper shorter and sometimes not exceeding the perigynia : 



l)ody of the perigynium subglobose, 2 mm. in diameter, abruptly tipped by a subulate rough 



beak of more than its own length. 



In dry woods and thickets, southern Ontario and New York to Indiana, Iowa, District of Colum- 

 bia, Tennessee and the Indian Territory. Spring. 



85. Carex leptalea Wahl. Leaves light green and glabrous; blades not over 0.5 



mm. wide : scapes filiform, smooth, 1.5-4.5 dm. long : spike solitary, terminal, androgynous, 



linear, 4-14 mm. long: stigmas 2 or 3 : perigynia few, linear-oblong, about 3 mm. long, 



light green, many-nerved, obtuse and beakless : scales membranous, the lowest sometimes 



attenuated into a subulate awn nearly as long as the spike. [C. polytrichoides Muhl.] 



In bogs and swamps, Newfoundland to British Columbia, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Colorado and 

 Oregon. Summer. 



86. Carex filifolia Nutt. Leaves pale green, glabrous, as long as the scape or 

 shorter ; blades filiform, rather stiff, about 0.5 mm. wide, the sheaths persistent and ulti- 

 mately fibrillose : scapes densely tufted, slender but stiff', 8-35 cm. tall : spike solitary, erect, 

 6-30 mm. long, staminate above ; tlie pistillate portion al)out 4 mm. in diameter : scales 



