CYPERACEAE 217 



very broad, concave, with wide scarious margins, obtuse or cuspidate, about as long as the 

 perigynia, but niucli broader : perigynia oval or obovoid-oval, 2 mm. long, 3-angled, few- 

 nerved or nearly nerveless, scabrous, or somewhat pubescent near the apex, each abruptly 

 tijjped by a short cylindric beak. 



In dry soil, Manitoba to Britisli Columbia, Texas and California. Si ring and summer. 



87. Carex stipata Muhl. Leaves bright green ; blades flat, 4-8 mm. wide : scapes 

 smooth, sharply 3-angled, 2-10 dm. tall : ))racts bristle-form or wanting : spikes numerous, 

 yellowish brown, in a terminal oblong cluster 3-10 cm. long, the stauiinate_ flowers few, 

 always terminal : scales ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the perigynia : peri- 

 gynia lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, each tapering into a rough flattened 2-toothed beak 1-2 

 times as long as the body. 



In swamps and wet meadows, Newfoundland to Ontario, British Columbia, Florida, Tennessee, 

 Missouri, New Mexico and California. Spring and summer. 



88. Carex Crus-Cdrvi Shuttlw. Leaves pale green and glaucous ; blades flat, 5-12 

 mm. wide, rougli-margined : scapes 3-angled, rough above, 5-11 dm. tall, longer than the 

 leaves : spikes yellowish brown, very numerous in a large compound branching panicle, 

 1-3 dm. long : scales ovate or lanceolate, thin, much shorter than tlie perigynia : perigynia 

 elongated-lanceolate, about 8 mm. long, each with a short hard base and a subulate rougli 

 2-toothed beak. 



In swamps. District of Columbia to Indiana, Minnesota, Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Spring 

 and summer. 



89. Carex decomposita Muhl. Leaves dark green, longer than the scape ; blades 

 4-8 mm. wide, rough : scapes smooth, obtusely angled, or terete below, 4-9 dm. tall : 

 spikes yellowish brown, very numerous in a decompound cluster, 5-13 cm. long, the lower 

 branches 2-5 cm. long : bracts sul)ulate, ciliate, or wanting : scales ovate, about equalling 

 the perigynia : perigynia short-obovate, less than 2 mm. long, hard, each abruptly tipped 

 with a short slightly 2-toothed beak. 



In swamps, New York to Ohio, Michigan, Florida and Louisiana. Spring and summer. 



90. Carex grdvida Bailey. Leaves light green ; blades flat, 3-6 mm. wide : scapes 

 4-9 dm. tall, 3-angled, rough above : bracts usually very short : spikes several, in a dense 

 heavy head 2-3.5 cm. long, pale, subglobose : scales acute, cuspidate or short-awned, about 

 as long as the perigynia : perigynia flat, broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3-4 mm. long, 

 rounded at the base, each narrowed into a 2-toothed beak about ^ as long as the body, 

 several-nerved on the outer face or nerveless. 



On plains and prairies, Illinois to South Dakota and the Indian Territory. Spring and summer. 



91. Carex vulpinoidea ]Miclix. Leaves often exceeding the scape ; blades 2-5 mm. 

 wide : scapes stiff', 3-angled, rough above, 3-12 dm. tall : bracts bristle-like : spikes ovoid- 

 oblong, 4-8 mm. long, very numerous in a cluster, 3-13 cm. long : scales lanceolate, 

 acuminate or awned, about as long as the perigynia, but narrower : perigynia ovate, about 

 1.5 mm. long, greenish brown, flat, several-nerved on the outer face, nerveless or faintly 

 1-3-nerved on the inner, each tipped with a lanceolate 2-toothed beak about 2 as long as 

 the body. 



In swamps and meadows, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida, Louisiana and Texas. Summer. 



92. Carex triangularis Boeckl. Leaves bright green, overtopped by the scape ; blades 

 2-6 mm. wide, somewhat scabrous, attenuate: scapes tufted, 3-8 dm. tall, stiff: spikes 

 ovoid or globose, 5-8 mm. long, dense, approximate, forming a compound spike 3-5 cm. 

 long, witli short flliform bracts, fawn-brown at maturity : scales as long as the perigynia or 

 shorter : perigynia nearly orbicular, conspicuously spreading, fully 2 mm. long, short- 

 pointed, delicately nerved. 



On low prairies, the Indian Territory to Mississippi and Texas. Spring and early summer. 



93. Carex xanthocarpa Bicknell. Leaves bright gi-een ; blades 3-6 mm. wide : 

 scapes rather stout, rough above, 3-14 dm. tall, much longer than the leaves : head usually 

 dense : spikes numerous, ovoid, short : bracts mostly short and inconspicuous : scales acu- 

 minate, short-awned : perigynia bright yellow, plano-convex, ovate-elliptic, 2.5-3 mm. 

 long, each with a narrowed or cuneate base, and a short minutely 2-toothed beak, nerve- 

 less, or obscurely few-nerved on the outer face. 



In fields, Massachusetts to North'.Carolina and Iowa. Summer. 



94. Carex Sart-w6Ilii Dewey. Leaves light green ; blades 2-4 ram. wide : scapes 



stiff, rough above, 3-angled, 3-9 dm. tall : bracts setaceous, usually small : spikes ovoid or 



oblong, 4-8 mm. long, usually densely aggregated in a narrow cluster : scales ovate, pale 



brown, about equalling the perigynia : perigynia lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, strongly 



several-nerved on both faces, each tapering into a short 2-toothed beak. 



In swamps, Ontario to British Columbia, New York, Illinois, Michigan, Arkansas and Utah. 

 Spring and summer. 



