CYPERACEAE 219 



103. Carex Arkansana Bailey. Leaves approximate ; blades narrowly linear, 

 rather elongated, but usually shorter than the scape, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: scapes tufted, 

 1.5-6 dm. tall, smooth : bracts leaf-like, much longer than tlie infloi-escence, the lower 

 ones often 15 cm. long, dilated at the base : spikes dense, 3-5, approximate or contiguous : 

 scales about as long as the perigynia, awn-tipped : perigynia broadly ovate or triangular- 

 ovate, 4 mm. long, spreading, barely if at all nerved, each with a thick spongy base. 



In bottoms, Arkansas to the Indian Territory. Spring. 



104. Carex sterilis Willd. Leaves shorter than the scape ; blades 1-2 mm. wide : 

 scapes slender, 2-4.5 dm. tall, rough ,> at least above: spikes 3-5, subglobose or short- 

 oblong, about 5 mm. thick : staminate flowers usually numerous at the bottom of the upper 

 spike, or whole spikes occasionally staminate, or plants rarely quite dioecious : scales ovate, 

 shorter than the perigynia : perigynia pale, lanceolate, compressed, spreading or reflexed 

 when old, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, several-nerved on both faces, each tapering into a 

 sharp-edged 2-toothed rough beak more than h as long as the body. [C. steUulata var. 

 sterilis Chapm.] 



In moist soil and wet woods, Newfoundland to British Columbia, Florida, Louisiana, Colorado and 

 California. Variable.— A variety stouter in habit, sometimes 5 dm. tall, with 4-8 very bristly pistillate 

 spikes, more numerous flowers and rather larger perigynia is C. skrilis ccphaldntha Bailey; its range is 

 similar to that of the type. Spring and summer. 



105. Carex Atlantica Bailey. Similar to large forms of the next preceding species, 

 but stouter. Leaves stiff; blades 2-3 mm. wide, flat, or in drying somewhat involute : 

 scapes rough above, 3-7 dm. tall : spikes 4-7, subglobose or short-cylindric, nearly 6 mm. in 

 diameter : scales shorter than the perigynia : perigynia broadly ovate, flat, sharp-margined, 

 2-3 mm. long, strongly several-nerved on the outer face, few-nerved on the inner, spread- 

 ing or reflexed at maturity, each abruptly tipped with a stout rough 2-toothed beak about 

 J as long as the body. [G steUulata var. conferta Chapm.] 



In swamps, Newfoundland to Florida. Summer. 



106. Carex interior Bailey. Similar to C. sterilis in habit. Leaves shorter than the 

 scape ; blades about 1 mm. wide : scapes slender, wiry, 2-6 dm. tall : spikes 2-4, nearly 

 globular, 4 mm. in diameter : scales ovate, shorter than the perigynia : perigynia ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, 2 mm. long or less, faintly few-nerved on the outer face, nearly nerveless 

 on the inner, thickened, spreading or reflexed when old, each tapering into a nearly smooth 

 2-toothed beak J to i^ as long as the body. 



In wet soil, Maine to Minnesota, Florida and Kansas. Spring and summer. 



107. Carex brunniscens (Pers. ) Poir. Leaves shorter than the scapes; blades 2 

 mm. wide or less : scapes stiff, roughish above, 2-4.5 dm. tall : spikes 4-8, subglobose or 

 short-oblong, few-flowered, rarely over 5 mm. long : scales ovate, membranous, brownish : 

 perigynia brown, oval or ovate-oval, about 2 mm. long, each with a manifest beak about I 

 as long as the body. [C. canescens var. ulpicola Wahl.] 



In wet places, mostly at high altitudes, Labrador to British Columbia, New York and on the south- 

 ern Alleghenies and Rocky Mountains. Also in Europe.— A variety with nearly filiform weak and 

 often spreading scapes, 7-8-flowered spikes and spreading long-beaked, perigynia, is C. brunnescens 

 gracilior Britton; it is more common at lower altitudes. Summer. 



108. Carex bromoides Schk. Leaves soft ; blades 2 mm. wide or less, flat : scapes 

 slender, roughish above, 2-6 dm. long : bracts subulate or bristle-form, the lowest com- 

 monly elongated : spikes 3-7, narrowly oblong-cylindric, 8-16 mm. long, erect or ascend- 

 ing, mostly close together, the staminate flowers either basal, basal and terminal, or form- 

 ing whole spikes, the plants occasionally quite dioecious : scales oblong-lanceolate, green, 

 acute or acuminate, shorter than the perigynia : perigynia linear-lanceolate, })ale, strongly 

 several-nerved, 4-5 mm. long, the^ inner face flat, the tapering rough 2-toothed beak at 

 least 2 as long as the body. 



In bogs and swamps. Nova Scotia to Ontario, Michigan, Florida and Louisiana. Summer. 



109. Carex tribuloides Wahl. Stems and scapes 2-9 dm. tall, the latter roughish 

 above : leaf-blades flat, 2-6 mm. wide : lower bract bristle-form : spikes 6-20, oblong or top- 

 shaped, blunt, 6-12 mm. long : scales lanceolate, whitish, acute, about i as long as the 

 perigynia : perigynia lanceolate, greenish brown, flat, 4-5 mm. long," 1-2 mm. wide, 

 several-nerved on both faces, each with a sharply 2-toothed rough wing-margined beak. 



In meadows. New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida and Arizona, Summer and fall. 



110. Carex scoparia Schk. Stems and scapes slender, 1.5-7.5 dm. tall, the latter 

 roughish above : leaf-blades less than 3 mm. wide : spikes 3-10, oblong, narrowed at both 

 ends, bright brown, 6-16 mm. long, usually aggregated into an ovoid head : scales thin, 

 brown, acuminate or cuspidate, shorter than the perigynia : perigynia lanceolate, 4-6 mm. 

 long, rather less than 2 mm. wide, narrowly wing-margined, several-nerved on both faces, 

 each tapering into a ciliate 2-tootlied beak. 



In moist soil, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, Florida and Colorado. Summer. 



