LILTACEAE 265 



4. ANDROSTEPHIUM Torr. 



Scapose herbs, with membranous-coated corms. Leaves basal : blades narrow, elon- 

 gated. vScape simple, topped by a several-rayed umbel, this subtended by several bracts. 

 Flowers perfect, few, short-pedicelled. Perianth blue : sepals and petals 6, about as long 

 as the funnelform tube, united to about the middle. Stamens 6, adnate to the throat of the 

 perianth-tube : filaments united to the middle or above it into a tube, tliis bearing tooth- 

 like lobes between the free parts of the filaments : anthers narrow, introrse. Ovary 3-celled : 

 st}de filiform : stigma 3-grooved. Ovules several in each cavity. Capsule 3-angled, 

 membranous, loculicidal. Seeds few, black, thick. 



1. Androstephium coeruleum (Scheele) Greene. Bulbs ovoid, with thin outer 

 coats : leaves basal ; blades rather fiat, linear, commonly overtopjiing the scape : scape 

 solitary, 1-3 dm. tall, topped by a 2-6-rayed umbel : pedicels ascending, 1-3 cm. long, 

 relatively stout : perianth lilac or violet, 2-3 cm. long : sepals and petals oblong or oblong- 

 lanceolate, about as long as the tube, obtuse : anthers not surpassing the perianth : capsules 

 over 1 cm. long and broad : seeds fiat, 4-6 mm. broad, [^i. violaceum Torr.] 



On prairies and in light soil, Kansas to the Indian Territory and Texas. Spring. 



Family 4. LILIACEAE Adans. Lily Family. 



Perennial, mainly caulescent herbs, with bulbs or corms. Leaves alternate or 

 whorled, basal or apparently basal : blades entire. Flowers solitary, or in ter- 

 minal racemes, corymbs or panicles. Perianth commonly conspicuous or showj'. 

 Sepals and petals 3 each, quite similar, sometimes partially united. Androecium 

 of 6 stamens. Filaments u.sually distinct. Anthers 2-celled. Gyuoecium of 3 

 united carpels. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Styles united. Ovules 2-many in 

 each cavity. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, globular or elongated, lobed or prismatic. 



Sepals and petals partially united. 1. Hemerocallis. 



Sepals and petals distinct'. 

 Anthers not introrse. 



Anthers versatile. 2. Lilium. 



Anthers erect. 3. Erythronium. 



Anthers introrse. 



Ovules numerous in each cavity. 4. Quamasia. 



Ovules 2 in each cavity. 5. Oxyteia. 



1. HEMEROCALLIS L. 



Acaulescent herbs, with glabrous foliage and clustered coated bulbs. Leaves basal : 

 blades linear, elongated, ascending or spreading, sometimes slightly involutely folded. 

 Scapes simple beloM' the inflorescence. Flowers perfect, in terminal clusters. Perianth 

 mostly yellow or orange, funnelform ; lobes longer than the tube, recurving. Stamens 6, 

 adnate to near the toj) of the perianth-tube : filaments shorter than the perianth : anthers 

 narrow, opening introrsely. Ovary longer than broad, 3-celled : style declined : stigma 

 small, capitate. Ovules numerous in each cavity. Capsule 3-ce!led, 3-angled, longitu- 

 dinally 3-valved. Endosperm fiesliy. 



1. Hemerocallis fiilva L. Foliage glabrous, bright green. Leaves basal, often 



numerous ; blades linear, elongated, curved, acute : scapes 1-2 m. tall, overtopping the 



leaves, often mottled : flowers 5-15, short-pedicelled, opening for about one day : perianth 



showy, tawny orange, 10-15 cm. long ; lobes spreading or recurved, the outer 3 flat, 



acutish, the inner 3 undulate, obtuse : stamens exserted, shorter than the style. 



In thickets and meadows, Kew Brunswick and Ontario to North Carolina and Tennessee. Native 

 of Europe and Asia. Summer. Day Lily. 



2. LILIUM L. 



Caulescent herbs, with scaly bulbs. Leaves alternate or whorled : blades flat, entire, 

 smooth, or with rough margins and nerves. Flowers perfect, erect or drooping. Peri- 

 anth showy, variously colored, funnelform to campanulate : sepals and petals 3 each, dis- 

 tinct, straight or recurved, each with a nectar-bearing groove at the base within. Stamens 

 6, slightly adnate to the sepals and petals : filaments subulate or filiform, shorter than the 

 perianth : anthers narrow, versatile, opening lengthwise. Ovary 3-celled : style often 

 club-shaped : stigma 3-lobed. Ovules numerous in each cavity. Capsule longer than 

 broad, loculicidal. Seeds flat, horizontal, closely packed in 2 rows in each cavity. 



