462 FUMAEIACEAE 



slender. Ovary with 4-6 nerviform placentae : stigma sessile, depressed, the lobes spread- 

 ing or recurved. Ovules numerous. Capsule slightly elongated, opening at the top by 

 4-6 valves. Seeds numerous, subglobose, pitted, not crested. Endosperm oily. Embryo 

 minute, basal. Prickly Poppy. 



Inflorescence and capsules spineless. 1. A.'Jeiocarpa. 



Inflorescence and capsules spine-armed. 



Corolla yellow : le'af-blades blotclied. 2. A. Mexicana. 



Corolla wiiite : leaf-blades not blotclied or sometimes slightly so. 

 Stems unarmed or spiny, but not hispid-pubescent. 



Horns of the sepals erect or nearly so, the terminal spine 1-1.5 mm. long: 



flowers manifestly pedicelled. 3. A. alba. 



Horns of the sepals diverging, the terminal spine 2-4 mm. long : flowers ses- 

 sile or nearly so. 

 Horns of the sepals smooth and glabrous. 



Plants tall : capsule-valves veiny all over. 4. A. intermedia. 



Plants low : capsule-valves not veiny, or slightly veiny near the edges. 5. A. delicatula. 

 Horns of the sepals bristly. 6. A. platyceras. 



Stems hispid-pubescent as well as spine-armed. 7. A. hwjnda. 



1. Argemone leiocarpa Greene. Resembling A. Mexicana but more glaucous, devoid 

 of spines except on the margins of the leaf-blades, wdiich are rather more copiously spinescent : 

 calyx unarmed : petals yellow, 3-4 cm. long : capsules smooth and glabrous, 3-4 cm. long. 



In sand, southern peninsular Florida and the Keys. Spring to fall. 



2. Argemone Mexicana L. Foliage glaucous. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, more or less 

 spiny : leaves 10-25 cm. long ; blades runcinate-pinnatifid, blotched, spiny-toothed and 

 commonly spiny along the midrib, sessile and clasping : flowers sessile or nearly so : sepals 

 acuminate and bristle-tipped : corolla yellow, 2.5-7 cm. broad : capsules oblong, 2.5-3 

 cm. long, spine-armed. 



In waste places. New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida and Texas. Naturalized from tropical 

 America. Spring to fall. Mexican Poppy. Thorn Apple. 



3. Argemone ^Iba Lestib. Foliage pale or somewhat glaucous, spine-armed. Stems 

 rather stout, 3-5 dm. tall, not pubescent : leaves 3-15 cm. long ; blades pinnately lobed or 

 pinnatifid, sometimes whitish along the veins, the midrib slightly prickly : flowers pedi- 

 celled : sepals 1.5-2 cm. long, the horns erect or nearly so, the terminal spine 1-1.5 mm. 

 long, distinctly flattened : corolla white, 7-10 cm. broad : capsules oval or oblong, 2.5-4 

 cm. long. 



In dry or sandy soil, Missouri to Florida and Texas. Spring and summer. 



4. Argemone intermedia Sweet. Quite similar to A. alba. Stems more prickly, 

 3-10 dm. tall : leaves 4-16 long ; blades pinnately toothed or pinnatifid : flowers sessile : 

 sepals 2-2.5 cm. long, the horns diverging, the terminal spine 2-4 mm. long, scarcely flat- 

 tened : corolla white, 6-9 cm. broad : capsules cylindric or oblong cylindric, 3-4 cm. long. 



On plains. South Dakota to Idaho, Texas and Mexico. Spring and summer. 



5. Argemone delicdtula Small. Foliage conspicuously spiny. Stems 1-3 dm. tall, 

 sometimes sparingly branched : leaves 5-15 cm. long : leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, 

 the spines of the lobes spreading in all directions : flowers short-pedicelled : sepals about 

 2 cm. long, the smooth and glabrous horns diverging; the terminal spine 2-4 mm. long : 

 corolla white, 6-9 cm. broad : capsules oblong-obovoid, 1.5-2 cm. long. 



In dry soil, Texas. Spring. 



6. Argemone platyceras Link & Otto. Foliage usually conspicuously spiny : stems 

 3-11 dm. tall, mostly branched, often almost completely covered with spines : leaves 4-14 

 cm. long ; blades pinnately lobed or pinnatifid : flowers sessile or nearly so : sepals 2-2.5 

 long, spiny, the horns bristly at the base : corolla white, 6-9 cm. broad : capsules oblong 

 or ovoid-oblong, 2.5-3.5 cm. long, completely covered with spines. 



On plains and prairies, Texas to California and Mexico. Spring and summer. 



7. Argemone hispida A. Gray. Foliage usually copiously spine-armed. Stems 3-8 

 dm. tall, hispid-pubescent as well as spine-armed : leaves 5-9 cm. long, often numerous ; 

 blades pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid : flowers short-pedicelled : sepals 2-3 cm. long, the horns 

 triangular-lanceolate, more or less bristly and hispid : corolla white, 7-10 cm. broad : 

 capsules oblong or oblong-conic, 2.5-3.5 cm. long. 



On plains or prairies, Kansas to California, Texas and New Mexico. Spring to fall. 



Family 2. FUMARIACEAE DC. Fumitory Family. 



Annual or perennial acaulescent or caulescent herbs with a watery sap, 

 sometimes with corms. Leaves alternate, often all ba.sal : blades compound, 

 usually rather finely dissected, very delicate. Flowers perfect, irregular, often 



