ROSACEAE 515 



4. PORTERANTHUS Britton. 



Perennial herbs, with erect, simple or sparingly branched stems. Leaves alternate : 

 blades 3-parted or 3-foliolate, subtended by narrow or leaf-like stipules : leaflets toothed or 

 incised. Flowers perfect, in loose terminal panicles. Hypanthium campanulate or 

 cylindric, longer than the 5 sepals. Petals 5, narrow, convolute in the bud, slightly un- 

 equal. Stamens 10-20 : filaments very short. Pistils 5, opposite the sepals : styles slen- 

 der. Ovules 2-4, ascending from the base of the cavities. Follicles 5, leathery, partially 

 included. Seeds 1-4, in each follicle. Testa leathery. Endosperm striate. The plants 

 flower in the spring and summer. [Gilknia Moencli.] 



Lower leaflets serrate : stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 1. P. trifoliatut. 



Lower leaflets incised-pinnatifid : stipules leaf-like, incised or serrate. 2. P. stipulatus. 



1. Porteranthus trifoliatus (L. ) Britton. Stems erect, 3-12 dm. tall, usually some- 

 what branched : stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate : leaflets 3, the blades elliptic or 

 oblong, varying to lanceolate or oblanceolate, or rarely obovate, acute or acuminate at the 

 apex, irregularly serrate and incised or lobed, acute or obtuse at tlie more or less oblique 

 base : panicles open : sepals glandular-ciliate, lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the elon- 

 gated ribbed hypanthium : petals linear-elliptic, about 1-5 cm. long, acuminate : follicles 

 glabrous, 5-6 mm. long. 



In woods and on hillsides or river banks, New York to Michigan, middle Georgia and Missouri- 

 Indian Physic. Bowman's-root. 



2. Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ) Britton. Stems erect, 1-12 dm. tall, simple 

 below, sparingly branched above : stipules leaf-like, serrate or incised : leaflets 3, the 

 blades elliptic or narrowly-elliptic, varying to lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, acuminate, the 

 lower ones incised-pinnatifid, the upper irregularly but sharply serrate : panicles few- 

 floAvered : sepals ovate, glandular-ciliate, acute, longer tlian the tubular-campanulate hy- 

 panthium : petals narrowly-elliptic, 1-1.5 cm. long: follicles glabrous, 6-7 mm. long. 



In rich woods, New York to Missouri and the Indian Territory, Georgia and Alabama. American 

 Ipecac. 



5. RUBACER Rydb. 



Perennial caulescent herbaceous shrubs, with more or less glandular-pubescent foliage. 

 Leaves alternate : blades simple, prominently lobed and toothed, petioled. Flowers per- 

 fect, in terminal corymbs or racemes. Hypanthium flat. Sepals 5, not accompanied by 

 bractlets, with long-acuminate tips. Corolla showy. Petals rose-purple or white, not 

 clawed, deciduous. Stamens numerous. Pistils numerous, on a flat receptacle. Ovary 

 pubescent above : style terminal, but to one side of the center, filiform. Drupelets rather 

 dry, each furnished with a cushion of hairs covering the top and part of the dorsal side. 



1. Rubacer odoratum (L. ) Small. An erect, unarmed, branching shrub, 1-2 m. 

 tall, the foliage more or less densely glandular-pubescent and clammy. Leaf-blades simple, 

 0.5-3 dm. broad, 3-5-lobed, cordate, the lobes irregularly serrate, sometimes angled, acumi- 

 nate ; petioles shorter than the blades : flowers showy : sepals ovate or oblong-ovate, with 

 a slender terminal appendage longer than the body, tomentose within : petals rose-purple, 

 or rarely white, suborbicular, 1.5-2 cm. broad, undulate: fruit depressed-hemispheric, red, 

 1.5-2 cm. broad, rather dry, and insipid. [Mubus odoratus L.] 



In woods or on rocky banks, Nova Scotia to Michigan, Georgia and Alabama. Spring to summer. 



6. RUBUS L.' 



Perennial herbs or shrubs, with erect or trailing stems, often bristly or armed with 

 prickles. Leaves alternate : blades usually lobed or 3-7-foliolate : stipules adnate to the 

 petiole. Flowers perfect or dioecious, solitary or disposed in corymbs, racemes or pani- 

 cles. Hypanthium persistent, broad. Sepals 5, not augmented by bractlets. Petals 5, 

 sessile or short-clawed, deciduous. Stamens numerous : filaments filiform. Pistils usually 

 numerous on a convex or conic receptacle. Ovary glabrous : styles slender, glabrous, nearly 

 terminal. Ovules 2 in each cavity, pendulous. Drupelets destitute of hairy cushions, 

 crowded together. Seed pendulous, the testa membranous. Raspberry. Blackberry. 



' Prepared with the assistance of Dr. Per Axel Rydberg. 



