MALACEAE 529 



linear-oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, 2-3 cm. long, often with green tips : capsule 

 unknown. 



On rocky ridges aiid mountains, southern Tennessee and northern Alabama. 



4. Butneria florida (L. ) Kearney. An aromatic shrub 0.5-3 ni. tall, with pubes- 

 cent twigs and leaves. Leaf-blades firm, elliptic or oval, 4-14 cm. long, short-acuminate 

 at both ends or rarely obtuse at the apex, entire or rarely lobed, pubescent on both sides 

 when young, when mature dark green and very scabrous above, tomentose beneath ; peti- 

 oles pubescent, 0.5-1 cm. long: flowers short-peduncled, dull purple, fragrant : sepals and 

 petals pubescent, linear-oblanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5-2 cm. long, acutish : capsule 

 oblong-obovoid, 4-6 cm. long, finely tomentose, ribbed : seeds obovoid, 1 cm. long, more 

 or less hirsute. 



On hillsides and along streams, Virginia to Florida and Alabama. 



Family 13. MALACEAE Small.' Apple Family. 



Trees or shrub?, with upright stems. Leaves alternate : blades pinnately 

 veined or pinnate, petioled, the small deciduous stipules free from the petiole. 

 Flowers regular, perfect, racemed, eymose or solitary. Calyx superior. Sepals 

 mostly 5. Hypanthium adnate to the ovary. Petals mostly 5, usually clawed. 

 Stamens numerous or rarely few, distinct. Anthers small, 2-celled : sacs longi- 

 tudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1-5-celled, usually 5-celled, composed of 1-5 wholly 

 or partly united carpels. Ovules 1-2 (rarely several) in each carpel, anatropous, 

 ascending. Styles 1-5. Stigma small. Fruit a more or less fleshy pome, con- 

 sisting of the thickened hypanthium, enclosing the bony, papery or leathery 

 carpels. Endosperm wanting. Cotyledons fleshy. \_Pomaceae L.] 



Carpels papery or leathery at maturity. 



Leaf-blades pinnately "compound. 1. Sorbus. 



Leaf-blades simple, entire, toothed or lobed. 



Cavities of the ovary (carpels) as many as the styles. 



Flesh of the pome with grit-cells. 2. Pyrus. 



Flesh of the pome without grit-cells. 



Cymes simple. 3. Malus. 



Cymes compound. 4. Aronia. 



Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles. 5. Amelanchier. 



Carpels bony at maturity. 



Ovules solitary in each carpel, or, if 2, dissimilar. 6. Crataegus. 



Ovules 2 in each carpel, alike. 7. Cotoneaster. 



1. SORBUS L. 



Trees or shrubs, with alternate pinnate leaves : leaflets several, the blades toothed : 

 stipules deciduous. Flowers perfect, regular, white, in terminal compound cymes. Hypan- 

 thium urn-shaped, not bracteolate. Sepals 5. Petals 5, spreading, with short claws. 

 Stamens 8. Ovary inferior. Styles usually 3, distinct : stigmas truncate. Ovules 2 in 

 each cavity. Fruit a small red berry -like pome, its carpels not cartilaginous. 



1. Sorbus Americana Marsh. A small tree, with smooth bark, reaching a maximum 



height of about 9 m. and a trunk diameter of 5 dm. Leaf-buds acute : leaf-blades petioled ; 



leaflets 11-17, the blades lanceolate, long-acuminate, glabrous on both sides or slightly 



pubescent when young, bright green above, generally paler beneath, 3.5-10 cm. long, 



sharply serrate with mucronate teeth : cymes densely compound, 8-15 cm. broad : corolla 



4-6 mm. broad : pomes globose, bright red, 4-6 mm. in diameter. 



• In low woods or moist ground, Newfoundland to Manitoba, south, especially along the mountains, 

 to North Carolina, and Michigan. Spring and summer. Mountain Ash. 



2. PYRUS L. 



Trees, or some species shrubs, with simple petioled leaf -blades. Flowers large, showy, 

 in simple terminal cymes. Hypanthium urn-shaped. Sepals 5, acute. Petals 5, white or 

 pink, rounded, with short claws. Stamens usually numerous. Styles mostly 5, distinct, 

 or united only at the very base. Ovules 2 in each cavity. Carpels cartilaginous or 

 leathery. Fruit a pome, usually pear-shaped, its flesh abounding in grit-cells. Pear. 



1. Pynis commiinis L. A tree, sometimes 17 m. high, with a trunk 2-6 dm. in 

 diameter, or commonly much smaller, the branches usually thorny. Leaf-blades ovate, 



^ Contributed, except the genus Crataegus, by Dr. Nathaniel Lord Britton. 

 34 



