ASCLEPIADACEAE 955 



within : crests often broadly triangular, incurved over the anthers : pollinia broadly oblong- 

 elliptic ; corpuscle narrowly linear-elliptic: follicles muricate. 



In thickets, District of Columbia anrl Virginia to Missouri, Soutli Carolina, Louisiana and the Indian 

 Territory. Flowers said to have a cimicine odor. Summer. 



8. Vincetoxicum hirsutum (Michx.) Britton. Stems puberulent and thinly hirsute : 

 leaf-blades ovate, acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, 5-10 cm. long, 3-6 

 cm. wide, the basal lobes rounded with open or in the larger specimens with closed sinus 

 and overlapping lobes : peduncles commonly about the length of the petioles, rarely some- 

 what longer : umbels few- to several-flowered : corolla brown-purple to greenish yellow, 

 ovoid, acute in the bud ; lobes oblong, obtuse or acutish, 7-10 mm. long, minutely puberu- 

 lent within : crown cup-shaped, fleshy, as high as the anthers, the alternate bifid divisions 

 thinner, mostly shorter than the thicker broad irregularly crested lobes, the crests variable, 

 bifid or laciniate-toothed : pollinia oblong; corpuscle narrow at the base : follicles minutely 

 puberulent as well as muricate. 



In thickets, Maryland to Florida and Tennessee. Summer. — A form ranging from South Carolina 

 to Florida with a greenish yellow or dull straw-colored corolla, is V. hirsutuyii flavidulum (Chapm.) 

 Vail. [Gonolobus flaiididus Chapm.] 



9. Vincetoxicum BaldTvinlanum (Sweet) Britton. Stem climbing over bushes, 

 puberulent and thinly hirsute : leaf-l)lades 6-14 cm. long, broadly ovate, acute or acumi- 

 nate at the apex, deeply and apparently somewhat obliquely cordate at the base, the sinus 

 open or in the larger leaves the rounded basal lobes overlapping, puberulent : cymes many- 

 flowered : peduncles 2-5 cm. long : calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, glandular in 

 the sinus : corolla white, long-conic in the bud ; lobes thin, erect or barely spreading, 

 linear-oblong, 9 mm. long : crown 10-lobed, the 5 broader lobes quadrate, emarginate or 

 somewhat callous, 2-toothed, the outer margin with 2 or more minute accessory processes ; 

 the alternate narrower lobes divided into a pair of very slender linear teeth that much sur- 

 pass the anthers : stigma much depressed, obscurely 5-rayed : follicles 8 cm. long, muricate, 

 puberulent : seeds 9 mm. long, thin, red-brown, the wing-like margin barely wrinkled, 

 pale reddish : coma 2.5-3 cm. long. Flowers said to have an offensive odor. 



In thickets, Georgia and Alabama to Arkansas. Spring and summer. 



10. Vincetoxicum Ploridanum Vail. Stems puberulent throughout, very slender, 

 hirsute with short scattered hairs : leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, ovate, tapering to the acumi- 

 nate apex, cordate at the base with rounded lobes and open sinus, about equally puberu- 

 lent on both surfaces, the midvein obscurely biglandulose at the ba.se above : racemes 

 about the length of the petioles : pedicels 1-2 mm. long : calyx very small; lobes 2 mm. 

 long, linear-lanceolate, with a minute subulate gland in each sinus : corolla dull greenish 

 or purplish ; lobes slightly longer than the tube, linear-lanceolate, acutish, 3-5 mm. long, 

 somewhat fleshy, minutely puberulent on the outer surface, glabrous within : crown red- 

 purple, saucer-shaped, with 5 broad undulations, each bidentate at the callous thickened 

 apex and a smaller tooth on each side at about the middle : stigma depressed scarcely 

 5-angled : pollinia oblong, the caudicles broad and apparently not twisted : follicles not 

 seen. 



In sandy soil, eastern Florida. Summer. 



11. Vincetoxicum biflorum (Raf. ) Heller. Stems hirsute-villous, prostrate, several 

 from a slender ligneous rootstock, simple or branched : leaf-blades 1.5-4.5 cm. long, ovate 

 or triangular-cordate, acute or acuminate, the basal lobes rounded, rather thin and coria- 

 ceous, glabrous above, sparingly villous beneath, the upper leaves much reduced in size : 

 pedicels in pairs or sometimes solitary in the upper axils, nearly as long as the petioles : 

 corolla rotate ; lobes 6-8 mm. long, linear-oblong, dull dark purple, sparsely pubescent on 

 both surfaces and apparently granular-papillose within : crown saucer-shaped, 5-un(hilate, 

 the sinuses 2-3-denticulate or nearly entire, each lobe traversed by a salient crest adnate to 

 the base of the column, canaliculate on the lower edge, extending at the summit into a con- 

 spicuous fleshy truncate acumination, which incurves over the anthers : membranous 

 anther-tips reflexed over the flat stigmatic disk : follicles muricate, hirsute : seeds not seen. 



On stony and dry prairies, Arkansas and Texas. Spring. 



12. Vincetoxicum cynanchoides (Engelm. ) Vail. Stems pubescent and somewhat 

 hirsute, reclining, slender, from a ligneous rootstock, branched near the base : leaf-blades 

 2.5-4 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, subcordate or some of them round cordate, the basal lobes 

 rounded, the upper leaves much reduced and often bract-like : inflorescence racemosely 

 clustered at the summit of the nearly naked stem or a few pedicels in the lower axils : 

 pedicels in pairs, 4-8 mm. long : corolla rotate or nearly so ; lobes erect-spreading, 3 mm. 

 long and longer than the shallow tube, ovate-oblong, pubescent outside, glabrous within : 

 crown saucer-shaped, 5-parted, the lobes fleshy, callous at the retusely truncate apex, the 

 angles rounded, with a narrow ligulate closely adnate crest which is decurrent on the 



