PINGUICULACEAE 1089 



oblong, obtuse : capsules 9-13 mm. long, the body ovoid, longer than the base, acute. 

 [Shaueria parvifolia Torr. Dianthera parvifoha (Torr. ) A. Gray.] 

 In dry soil, Texas and New Mexico. 



Family 15. PINGUICULACEAE Dumort.^ Bladderwort Family. 



Small scapose or caulescent herbs, growing in water or in wet places. Stems 

 often submersed. Leaves submersed and dissected into linear or filiform seg- 

 ments, sometimes resembling rootlets and often bladder-bearing ; sometimes 

 aerial, basal, entire ; or, rarely, wanting. Scapes naked or furnished with mi- 

 nute scales, beai-ing one or many flowers. Flowers irregular, perfect, often 

 showy. Calyx of 2 or 5 herbaceous sepals. Corolla strongly or obscurely 2- 

 lipped : tube spurred or saccate : hypogynous. Audroecium of 2 stamens, ad- 

 nate to the base of the corolla-tube on its upper side. Filaments flattened, 

 twisted. Anthers coufluently 1-celled. Gynoecium a single 1-celled pistil, 

 with a free-central usually globose placenta. Style thick and short. Stigma 

 often 2-lipped, the lips unequal. Ovules numerous, anatropous. Fruit a capsule, 

 2-varved or irregularly dehiscent. Seeds numerous, the testa rugose. Endosperm 

 wanting. Embryo straight, sometimes undivided. \_Le7itibulariaceae 'Lindl.^ 



Calyx of 5 sepals : corolla-tube with an open throat. 1. Pinguicula. 



Calvx of 2 sepals : corolla-tube closed by a palate. 



Calyx accompanied by 2 bractlets resembling the sepals, and like them, conspicu- 

 ously ciliate. 2. Cosmiza. 



Calyx without bractlets : sepals entire. 3. Utricularia. 



1. PINGUICULA L. 

 Terrestrial scapose herbs, inhabiting wet ground. Leaves forming a basal rosette : 

 blades flat, entire, furnished above with a secretion by which, together with the sensitive 

 inrolling margins, insects are captured. Scapes usually several, 1-flowered. Sepals 5, often 

 more or less united. Corolla yellow, violet or purple, more or less distinctly 2-lipped : 

 palate subulate, not closing the throat : lobes entire or cleft : tube prolonged into a nectarif- 

 erous spur at base : throat open. Stamens 2. Capsules 2-valved. Butterwort. 



Corolla violet or white, the limb distinctly 2-lipped. 



Corolla, including spur, less than 2 cm. long. 1. P. pumiia. 

 Corolla, including spur, more than 2 cm. long. 



Spur slender : scapes villous at the base. 2. P. elatior. 



Spur short and rather sac-like : scapes not villous at the base. 3. P. planifolia. 



Corolla golden-yellow, the limb nearly regular. 4. P. luUa. 



1. Pinguicula pumiia Michx. Leaves clammy-pubescent ; blades 1-3 cm. long : 

 scapes very slender, 5-20 cm. tall, not villous at the base : calyx becoming 3-4 mm. long : 

 corolla light violet, varying to white ; limb 1-2 cm. broad ; spur subulate, about 3 mm. 

 long, longer than the sac-like base of the corolla. 



In low pine lands, South Carolina to Florida and Texas. Spring. 



2. Pinguicula elatior Michx. Leaves clammy-pubescent; blades 1.5-3.5 cm. long: 

 scapes 1-3 dm. tall, villous at the base: calyx becoming 4-5 nim. long: corolla purple, 

 varying to white ; limb 2-2.5 cm. broad, the lobes 2-cleft ; spur slender, 4-6 mm. long, 

 shorter than the sac-like base of the corolla, obtuse. 



On margins of ponds. North Carolina to Florida. Spring. 



3. Pinguicula planifolia Chapm. Leaves glabrous or nearly so ; blades 3-10 cm. 

 long ; scapes 2-4 dm. tall, not villous at the base : calyx becoming 5-6 mm. long : corolla 

 purple, varying to white, 2-3 cm. wide : spur rather sac-like, only 3 mm. long, obtuse. 



In shallow water, Florida to Mississippi, near the Gulf coast. Spring. 



4. Pinguicula liitea Walt. Leaves clammy-pubescent ; blades 2-6 cm. long ; scapes 

 1-4 dmi tall, pubescent : calyx becoming 4-5 mm. long : corolla golden-yellow ; limb 2- 

 3.5 cm. broad ; lobes longer than the tube, 2-4-lobed ; spur subulate, 5 mm. long. 



In low pine lands, North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Spring. 



2. COSMIZA Raf. 

 Terrestrial scapose herbs, with tiie habit of the terrestrial species of Utrieularia. 

 Leaves basal, often fugacious : blades linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes bladder- 



1 Revised by Dr. John H. Barnhart. 

 69 



