CAPEIFOLIACEAE 1121 



longer than broad : corolla white, turning brown in age, 4-5 mm. broad ; lobes oblong or 

 ovate-oblong : drupes red or scarlet, 4-6 mm. in diameter : nutlets minutely roughened. 



In rich soil or on cliffs, New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to the mountains of Georgia, 

 Colorado and California. Spring. 



2. Sambucus Canadensis L. A shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 m. tall, with a 

 maximum trunk diameter of about 3 dm., the foliage glabrous or slightly silky-pubescent : 

 leaflets 5-11, the blades oblong to ovate or oval, 3-14 cm. long, acuminate at the apex, 

 sharply serrate with incurved teeth, rarely divided at the base : cymes much broader than 

 high, convex, 1-3 dm. broad : corolla white, 5-6 mm. broad ; lobes broadly oblong or 

 oval : drupes deep purple or nearly black, 4-6 mm. in diameter : nutlets conspicuously 

 roughened. 



In moist soil, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida, Texas and Arizona. Spring and earlj' summer. 



3. Sambucus Mexic^na Presl. A tree usually 7-9 m. tall, the trunk often 3 dm. 

 thick near the base : leaflets mostly 5, the blades pubescent on both sides, but more densely 

 so beneath, dentate or serrate-dentate : cymes flat, 1-2 dm. broad : corolla creamy white, 

 3-3.5 mm. broad : drupes black or nearly so, about 6 mm. in diameter. 



In river valleys, Texas and Mexico. Spring and early summer. 



2. VIBURNUM L. 



Shrubs or trees, with a smooth or deely furrowed often strong-scented bark. Leaves 

 opposite : blades simple, leathery or membranous, entire or toothed : stipules usually 

 obsolete or small. Flowei-s disposed in corymbose cymes, those at the exterior of the 

 corymb sometimes neutral, their pedicels furnished with 1-2 scales. Hypanthium tur- 

 binate or obovoid. Sepals 5, equal, persistent. Corolla white or pink, rotate, Avith 5 equal 

 imbricated lobes. Stamens 5, adnate to the corolla-tube : filaments variable in length. 

 Disk wanting. Ovary 1-3-celled. Ovules solitary, pendulous. Drupe fleshy, or some- 

 times dry, varying from globose to oblong, terete or flattened, the single stone flattened, 

 usually grooved at least on one side. Endosperm rarely ruminated. Arrow-wood. 

 Some flowers at the margin of the cymes radiant and sterile : drupes mainly red or scarlet. 



None of the flowers radiant : drupes blue or black. 

 Leaf-blades palmately nerved or lobed. 



Leaf-blades with salient lobes, the teeth manifestly acute or flaring. 

 Leaf-blades merely toothed or obscurely lobed, the teeth rounded or rela- 

 tively blunt. 

 Leaf-blades pinnately nerved. 

 Cymes manifestly peduncled. 

 Leaf-blades coarsely dentate. 



Leaf-blades sessile or very short-petioled. 

 Leaf-blades relatively long-petioled. 



Lower surfaces of the leaf-blades glabrous or merely with tufts of 



hairs in the axils of the nerves. 

 Lower surfaces of the leaf-blades stellate-pubescent. 

 Leaf-blades entire or irregularly erose-crenulate. 

 Peduncles shorter than the cymes. 

 Peduncles as long as the cymes or longer. 

 Cymes sessile or nearly so. 



Leaves with manifest distinction between the blade and petiole ; blades 

 toothed all around. 

 Leaf-blades prominently acuminate, serrate. 

 Leaf-blades obtuse or merely acute, serrulate. 



Petioles and leaf-surfaces glabrous or nearly so : seeds oblong. 

 Petioles and leaf-surfaces more or less densely red-tomentose : 

 seeds orbicular or nearly so. 

 Leaves without distinction between blade and petiole ; blades entire or 

 mainly so, sometimes unevenly crenate. 

 Drupes 6-7 mm. long ; stone turgid, suborbicular. 

 Drupes 10-11 mm. long; stone flat, oblong-obovate. 



1. Viburnum alnifolium Marsh. A low usually straggling shrub, with the twigs, 

 leaves and inflorescence stellate-pubescent. Stems decumbent or sometimes erect, 1-4 m. 

 long ; bark often warty : leaf-blades broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 10-20 cm. long, 

 abruptly acuminate, finely and doubly serrate, cordate, glabrate above, especially scurfy 

 on the nerves beneath : petioles 1-3 cm. long : cymes sessile, 7-15 cm. broad : inner 

 flowers fruit-producing, with white corollas 5-6 mm. broad : marginal ones often neutral 

 and radiant, with corollas 2-2.5 cm. broad: drupes red or scarlet, sometimes becoming 

 purple, 10-15 mm. long ; stone flattened, with 3 grooves on one side and one on the other. 

 [ V. lantanoides Michx.] 



lu damp woods, New Brunswick to Michigan and North Carolina. Spring. Hobble-bush. 

 71 



