CAMPANULACEAE 1141 



sparingly branched above : leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate or the lower 

 ones narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 1-4 cm. long, acute, distinctly serrate, more or less 

 revolute, sessile or nearly so : buds drooping: hypanthium turbinate-campanulate : sepals 

 linear-lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long, several times longer than the hypanthium, acute, usually 

 2-toothed near the base : corolla blue or pale-purple, short-campanulate, about as long as 

 the sepals ; lobes longer than the tube, ovate-lanceolate : capsules obovoid, 4 mm. long, 

 crowned by the spreading or recurved sepals : seeds oblong, about 0.5 mm. long, rugose. 

 In grassy swamps, eastern and peninsular Florida. Spring and summer. 



4. Campanula flexuosa Michx. Perennial, slender, glabrous or nearly so. Stems 

 solitary or tufted, 2-10 dm. long, erect or ascending, usually paniculately branched, more 

 or less flexuous : leaf-blades tliinnish, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, sometimes narrowly 

 elliptic or nearly linear, 2-12 cm. long, acuminate, usually coarsely serrate with flaring 

 teeth except near the base, narrowed into short petioles or nearly sessile : flowers drooping : 

 hypanthium campanulate : sepals subulate, about as long as the hypanthium : corolla pale- 

 blue or white, campanulate, 6-8 mm. long, its triangular or triangular-ovate lobes much 

 shorter than the tube : capsules turbiuate-campanulate, about 5 mm. long, ribbed : seeds 

 narrowly oblong, a little more than 1 mm. long, slightly wrinkled. [C. divaricata Michx.] 



Chiefly in crevices of rocks, Virginia to West Virginia, Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



2. CAMPANULASTRUM Small. 

 Annual or sometimes biennial herbs, with upright stems. Leaves alternate : blades 

 flat, toothed, more or less abruptly narrowed into petioles. Flowers perfect, all com- 

 plete, centripetally arranged in spikes. Hypanthium turbinate, elongating in age. 

 Sepals 5, slender. Corolla rotate, showy, each lobe terminating in a thickened tip. 

 Stamens 5, exserted : filaments filiform, somewhat declined : anthers narrow. Ovary in- 

 ferior, 3-celled : styles united, upwardly curved, and declined : stigmas 3. Ovules several. 

 Capsule of a clavate type, erect, sessile, with valvular openings near the top. 



1. Campanulastrutn Americknum (L. ) Small. Annual or biennial, coarsely pilose 

 or nearly glabrous. Stems erect, 2-20 dm. tall, sometimes much branched, angled : leaf- 

 blades thin, the lower ones orbicular or ovate, on petioles about i as long as the blades ; 

 the upper ones usually lanceolate, narrowed at the base, short-petioled or nearly sessile, all 

 serrate, acuminate: spike? 1-8 dm. long, interrupted: hypanthium tubular-turbinate : 

 sepals linear-subulate, 6-10 mm. long, much longer than the hypanthium, acuminate : 

 corolla blue or white, rotate, 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.3 cm. 

 long, surpassing the sepals : style declined : capsules turbinate-clavate, 8-10 mm. long, 

 sessile : seeds almost oblong, 1 mm. long, nearly smooth. l^Campamda Americana L.] 



On shaded hillsides, New Brunswick to South Dakota, Georgia, Kansas and Arkansas. Summer. 



3. SPECULARIA Heist. 

 Annual or biennial herbs. Stems upright, angled. Leaves alternate : blades sessile 

 or clasping, commonly toothed. Flowers dimorphous ; earlier ones close-fertilized in the 

 bud, with a calyx usually of 3 or 4 sepals and an undeveloped corolla ; later flowers with a 

 calyx of 5 sepals and a rotate or nearly rotate corolla. Stamens 5 : filaments distinct : 

 anthers linear. Ovary 3-celled : stigmas 3. Capsule prismatic or cylindric to narrowly 

 obconic, opening mainly by valves near the top or the middle. Venus' Looking-glass. 



Capsules less than 1 cm. long : sepals of the corolliferous flowers triangular to lanceolate. 



Leaf-blades clasping, fully as broad as long or nearly so : valves near the middle of the capsule. 



1. S. pe)-foliata. 



Leaf-blades sessile, longer than broad : valves at the top of the capsule. 2. S. biflora. 



Capsules over 1 cm. long : sepals linear to subulate. 



Lower flowers with 3 sepals : seeds oblong-lenticular. 3. S. leptocarpa. 



Lower flowers with 5 sepals : seeds globose-lenticular. 4. S. Coloradoensis. 



1, Speculaiia perfoli^ta (L. ) A. DC. Annual, commonly stoutish, more or less hir- 

 sute or hispid or rarely glabrate. Stems erect, 1-5 dm. tall, simple or often branched, 

 usually slightly prickly on the angles : leaf-blades suborbicular or triangular-cordate, 1-2 

 cm. broad, crenate or crenate-serrate, clasping : flowers 1 or several, in each axil, sessile : 

 calyx of the apetalous flower of 3-4 ovate or ovate-lanceolate sepals which are usually 

 shorter than the hypanthium, that of the corolliferous flower with 5 lanceolate sepals which 

 are usually as long or longer than the hypanthium : corolla blue, 1-1.5 cm. broad : capsules 

 oblong-prismatic or obconic, 5-6 mm. long : seeds globose-lenticular, about 0.5 mm. long, 

 dark, nearly smooth. 



In fields and on hillsides, Ontario to British Columbia, Florida and Mexico. Spring to fall. 



