CARDUACEAE 1159 



lanceolate, 2-10 cm. long, acute, serrate, often sharply so, somewhat crisped, revolute, 

 sessile, but not at all cordate : corymbs 1-1.5 dm. broad : peduncles 1-3 cm. long, slightly 

 enlarged upward, or some heads nearly sessile : involucres campanulate, 6-7 mm. high ; 

 bracts lanceolate to linear-oblong, prolonged into soft linear-subulate spreading or recurved 

 tips, often purplish : achenes about 3 ram. long: pappus straw-colored. 

 On sand hills, Georgia. 



6. Vemonia scab^rrima Nutt. Foliage hirsute, or glabrate in age. Stems 3-8 dm. 

 tall, usually branched : leaves firm ; blades linear to linear-oblong, 1.5-8 cm. long, acute, 

 entire or remotely serrate, sessile or nearly so, cordate or truncate at the base : corymbs 

 with comparatively few heads: peduncles barely enlarged, 1-3 cm. long, or shorter: in- 

 volucres campanulate, 5-6 mm. high : bracts subulate-linear to oblong, prolonged into 

 rigid subulate tips : achenes about 2 mm. long, with scabrous ribs : pappus purplish. 



In sandy soil, South Carolina to Florida. 



7. Vemonia flaccidifolia Small. Foliage sparingly pubescent, or glabrate. Stems 

 1-1.5 m. tall, with slender branches above : leaves rather numerous ; blades thin, elliptic 

 to linear-lanceolate, 0.8-2 dm. long, acuminate, sharply serrate, sometimes doubly so, 

 short-petioled : corymbs 1-2 dm. broad ; branches slender : peduncles barely enlarged at 

 the top : involucres hemispheric, 3-4 mm. high ; bracts ovate to oblong, light green or 

 deeper at the tip, obtuse, ciliate, not spreading : achenes 3 mm. long, with sharp barbed 

 ribs : pappus pale straw-colored. 



On wooded hillsides, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama. 



8. Vemonia oligdntha Greene. Foliage minutely and sparingly pubescent. Stems 

 4-11 dm. tall, simple below the few-branched inflorescence: leaves relatively few ; blades 

 oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4-9 cm. long, acute, rather evenly serrate, those of the lower 

 ones narrowed into petiole-like bases : corymbs mainly about 1 dm. wide, open, with few 

 heads : involucres campanulate, about 3 mm. high, rounded at the base ; bracts obtuse, the 

 outer oblong-ovate, tlie inner narrowly oblong or linear-oblong : achenes about 2 mm. 

 long : pappus purplish. 



In sandy soil, peninsular Florida. Fall. 



9. Vemonia mdxima Small. Foliage glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Stems 1-3 

 m. tall, branching above : leaves rather numerous ; blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate 

 or linear-lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long, acuminate, sharply serrate : corymbs 1-4 dm. broad ; 

 peduncles angled, barely enlarged above : involucres hemispheric-campanulate, 4 mm. to 

 almost 5 mm. high, rounded at the base ; bracts ovate to oblong, nearly flat, acute or 

 mucronate, appressed, ciliate : achenes 3 mm. long, with barbed ribs : pappus light or deep 

 purple. 



In low grounds, Ohio to Missouri, south to Alabama and Louisiana. 



10. Vemonia gigant^a (Walt. ) Britton. Foliage glabrous or nearly so. Stems 1-2.5 

 m. tall, often widely branched above : leaves numerous ; blades linear to oblong or elliptic, 

 0.8-3 dm. long, acute or acuminate, sharply serrate : corymbs 1-4 dm. broad : peduncles 

 angled, barely enlarged above : involucres cylindric, 5-6 mm. high, narrowed at the base ; 

 bracts oblong-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, rounded on the back, the outer acutish, the 

 inner obtuse, lax or loosely spreading at maturity : achenes 3^mm. long, with scabrous 

 angles : pappus purplish. 



In low grounds. South Carolina to Florida and Alabama. 



11. Vemonia ovalifolia T. & G. Foliage sparingly pubescent. Stems 1-2 m. tall, 

 branching above : leaves rather numerous ; blades elliptic, oblong or the upper oblong- 

 lanceolate, all acute, or short-acuminate, rather coarsely toothed, abruptly or sometimes 

 gradually contracted at the base : corymbs 1-3 dm. broad : pedimcles not enlarged upward : 

 involucres campanulate, 5-7 mm. high ; bracts lanceolate to oblong, acute or cuspidate, 

 mainly appressed : achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, slightly barbed along the ribs : pappus straw- 

 colored or pale purplish. 



In dry woods, Georgia and Florida. 



12. Vemonia Baldw^inii Torr. Foliage finely tomentose. Stems 1-2 m. tall, branch- 

 ing above: leaves rather numerous; blades oblong to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 0.5-2 

 dm. long, acute or acuminate at both ends, sharply serrate : corymbs 1-3 dm. broad : pedun- 

 cles angled, slightly enlarged upward : involucres campanulate, or subglobose when young, 

 5-6 mm. high, usually numerous ; bracts oblong-ovate to narrowly oblong, with spreading 

 or recurved tips : achenes 3 mm. long, the sharp ribs barbed : pappus tinged with purple. 



On prairies, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. 



13. Vemonia interior Small. Foliage finely and closely pubescent. Stems 1-2 m. 

 tall, simple below : leaves numerous ; blades elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, 



