1188 CARDUACEAE 



1. Stanfieldia Nealleyi (Coulter) Small. Stems 3-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so, 

 branched above, somewhat glaucous. Leaf -blades narrowly linear, 2.5-5 cm. long, entire : 

 involucral bracts oblong, obtuse, longitudinally striate with dark lines, thin-margined, the 

 inner ones 5-7 mm. long : disk 1.5-2 cm. broad : achenes black 2.5 mm. long, 10-ribbed. 

 [_Aplopapjms Nealleyi Coulter.] 



In valleys, Cameron county, Texas. 



35. OLIGONEURON Small. 



Perennial caulescent usually balsamic herbs, the stem usually simple below, terminating 

 in a more or less compound corymbose top. Leaves alternate : blades relatively broad or 

 narrow and elongated, entire, the basal and lower cauline narrowed into petiole-like bases, 

 the upper sessile and clasping. Heads radiate, in terminal corymbs. Involucres several- 

 flowered, campanulate : bracts in several series, thickish, longitudinally few-ribbed. Ee- 

 ceptacle pitted. Eay-flowers pistillate, in 1 series ; ligules yellow. Disk-flowers usually 

 perfect : corollas yellow, 5-lobed, the tube dilated into a short throat. Anthers obtuse at 

 the base. Stigmas flat, with oblong appendages. Achenes few-several-nerved. Pappus 

 of rather many capillary bristles. The plants bloom in summer and fall. 



Leaf-blades not 3-ribbed, relatively broad, rough-pubescent: involucre rounded at the base. 



Involucre over 5 mm. thick : achene about 3 mm. long. 1. O. rigidum. 



Involucre less than 5 mm. thick : achene about 2 mm. long. 2. 0. corijmbosum. 



Leaf-blades 3-ribbed, linear, smooth and glabrous : involucre acute at the base. 3. 0. nitidum. 



1. Oligoneuron rigidum (L. ) Small. Stems 4-15 dm. tall, relatively stout, more or 

 less striate below, angled above, rough -pubescent, sometimes hoar}^ : leaves firm, thick, 

 rough -pubescent, the basal often copiously clustered about the stem, with oblong, oblong- 

 lanceolate or rarely spatulate shallowly toothed blades, 1-3 dm. long, narrowed into more 

 or less elongated petiole-like bases ; blades of the upjier stem-leaves oblong to ovate, 2-13 

 cm. long, obtuse or acute, shallowly toothed or essentially entire, sessile or partly clasping : 

 heads numerous, disposed in a flat-topped corymb-like inflorescence : involucres broadly 

 campanulate, 8-9 mm. high, over 5 mm. thick ; bracts ovate to oblong, obtuse, ribbed in 

 age, the outer at least puberulent : achenes 12-15-ribbed. \_Solidago rigida L.] 



In dry sandy or gravelly soil, Ontario to the Northwest Territory. Georgia, Texas and Colorado. 



2. Oligoneuron corymbosum (Ell.) Small. Similar to O. rigidum in habit, but more 

 slender. Stems glabrous or nearly so below, rather softly and finely pubescent above : 

 leaves thinnish, somewhat scabrous at least above and about the edges, serrulate, otherwise 

 similar to those of the next preceding species : heads few or many, in a terminal flat-topped 

 corymb-like inflorescence : involucres broadly campanulate, about 7 mm. high, less than 5 

 mm. thick ; bracts mainly oblong, rounded at the apex, thickish, manifestly ribbed in age, 

 glabrous or essentially so : achenes 12-15-ribbed. 



In dry or stony soil, middle Ohio to G^rgia and Alabama. 



3. Oligoneuron nitidum (T. & G. ) Small. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous 

 below the inflorescence, striate-ribbed : leaves rather numerous ; blades leathery, firm in 

 age, prominently ribbed, smooth and somewhat lustrous, those of the basal and lower cau- 

 line leaves linear or narrowly linear-elliptic, 1-3 dm. long, narrowed into petiole-like 

 bases, those of the upper cauline linear, erect, gradually smaller towards the inflorescence, 

 partly clasping by the narrow bases, all entire : heads few or numerous, in a rather compact 

 corymb-like inflorescence with densely fine pubescent branches : involucres narrowly cam- 

 panulate, 6-7 mm. high, 4-5 mm. thick : bracts mainly oblong, obtuse, thick, markedly 

 ribbed in age, the outer at least puberulent : ackenes glabrous, 10-ribbed. 



In pine woods and dry soil, the Indian Territory to Louisiana and Texas. 



36. CHRYSOMA Nutt. 



Shrubby caulescent herbs, with somewhat glutinous foliage. Leaves alternate : blades 

 fleshy-leathery, narrow, conspicuously pitted, mostly 1 -nerved. Heads radiate, numerous. 

 Involucres narrow, few-flowered : bracts in few series. Receptacle pitted. Eay-flowers 

 1-3, pistillate. Disk-flowers mostly perfect. Corollas yellow : tube scarcely dilated above. 

 Anthers obtuse at the base. Stigmas flattened, with lanceolate appendages. Achenes 

 pubescent. Pappus of 1-2 series of numerous brownish hair-like bristles. 



1. Chrysoma pauciflosculosa (Michx.) Greene. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, freely branch- 

 ing at least above. Leaves numerous; blades linear-spatulate to linear-oblong, 3-6 cm. 

 long, obtuse, with copious rounded or angular depressions : involucres narrowly oblong, 



