CARDUACEAE 1193 



9. Solidago monticola T. & G. Stems 2-8 dm. tall, angled, usually simple, spar- 

 ingly pubescent or glabrate in age : leaf-blades spatulate on the lower part of the stem to 

 elliptic or linear-elliptic above, more or less acuminate at both ends, rather sparingly ap- 

 pressed serrate, commonly glabrous : heads in axillary often raceme-like clusters which are 

 sometimes aggregated into a terminal thyrsus : involucres cylindric-campanulate, about 4 

 mm. high, nearly 2 mm. thick ; bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, acute : achenes glabrous. 



In deep mountain woods, Maryland and West Virginia to Georgia and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



10. Solidago glomerata Michx. Stems 3-11 dm. tall, very stout, angled, glabrous, 

 sometimes branched : leaf-blades ample for the genus, spatulate and 2-3 dm. long on the 

 lower part of the stem, smaller and broadly or narrowly elliptic above, acuminate, rather 

 sharply and coarsely serrate, more or less pubescent, especially near the margins : heads 

 in thick axillary clusters which are sometimes aggregated into a terminal thyrsus : involu- 

 cres broadly campanulate, 7-8 mm. high, 5-6 mm. thick ; bracts obtuse or acutish, the 

 outer ovate, the inner linear : achenes glabrate. 



On high mountain slopes and summits, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer and fall. 



11. Solidago spithama^a ^NI. A. Curtis. Stems often clustered, 1-3 dm. tall, simple 

 below the inflorescence, somewhat angled, pubescent : leaf-blades spatulate and 5-10 cm. 

 long on the lower part of the stem, somewhat smaller and elliptic or oblong above, acute, 

 appressed -serrate or sharply serrate, often finely pubescent beneath : heads in raceme-like 

 clusters which are aggregated into a round-topped panicle : involucres campanulate, 4-5 mm. 

 high, about 5 mm. thick ; bracts narrow, acute : achenes pubescent. 



On rocky mountain summits and slopes, North Carolina and Tennessee. Summer and fall. 



12. Solidago squarrosa L. Stems 4-15 dm. tall, stout, striate-angled, usually some- 

 what pubescent above, usually simple : leaves various, the basal and lower cauline with 

 elliptic oval or ovate coarsely toothed blades 1-2 dm. long, terminating, long petiole-like 

 bases, the upper cauline leaves smaller, with mainly oblong or elliptic less coarsely toothed 

 or merely undulate blades : involucres long-campanulate, 6-7 mm. long, 4-5 mm. thick ; 

 bracts numerous, all but the inner with spreading or recurved tips : achenes glabrous. 



In rocky soil or on banks, New Brunswick to Ontario, Georgia and Ohio. Summer and fall. 



13. Solidago petiolaris Ait. Stems 3-16 dm. tall, often branched, striate ridged, 



finely pubescent throughout : leaves various, the basal and lower cauline with spatulate or 



narrowly cuneate remotely appressed serrate blades 4-11 cm. long, the upper cauline 



smaller with oblong, elliptic or oblong-ovate blades entire or shallowly toothed near the 



apex, all green : heads in an elongated panicle : involucres 5-6 mm. hij^h, about 4 mm. 



thick ; bracts fewer than in S. squarrosa, some of the outer ones at least, with spreading or 



recurved tips : achenes glabrous. 



In dry or stony soil. North Carolina to Kansas, Florida and Texas. — A form from Arkansas, Louisi- 

 ana and Texas, with narrow entire or nearly entire leaf-blades, is S. petiolaris angiista (T. & G. ) A. Gray. 



14. Solidago WArdi Eritton. Similar to S. petiolaris in habit. Leaves with a me- 

 tallic luster, often silvery : heads in a terminal thyrsus : involucres long-campanulate, 6-7 

 mm. high, 4-5 mm. thick : ray-flowers with very brilliant yellow ligules. 



In sandy or rocky woods, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. Summer and fall. 



15. Solidago bicolor L. Stems 2-12 dm. tall (sometimes dwarf at high altitudes), 



striate, more or less hirsute, simple or branched : leaf-blades various, those of the basal 



and lower cauline leaves obovate, oval, elliptic or spatulate, mostly 1-2 dm. long, narrowed 



into petiole-like bases, coarsely but shallowly crenate-serrate, those of the upper cauline 



smaller, elliptic, oblong or oblanceolate, shallowly toothed or entire, all somewhat coarsely 



pubescent, especially l^eneath : heads in a terminal thyrsus, the upper clusters contiguous, 



the lower remote or disposed on spreading or ascending branches : involucres campanulate, 



4-4.5 mm. high, 3-3.5 mm. thick ; bracts obtuse, often green-tipped : ray-flowers with 



white ligules : achenes glabrous. 



In dry or rocky soil. New Brunswick to Ontario, Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. Summer and 

 fall. 



16. Solidago hispida ]Muhl. vSimilar to «S'. bicolor in habit, but usually less robust. 

 Stems often densely hirsute and sometimes widely branched : leaf-blades more prominently 

 toothed, the upper ones rarely entire, all usually copiously pubescent : heads in a terminal 

 often branched thyrsus: involucres campanulate, 4.5-5 mm. high, 4-4.5 mm. thick; 

 bracts obtuse, sometimes a little narrowed at the tip : ray-flowers with yellow ligules : 

 achenes glabrous. 



In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Ontario, Minnesota, Georgia and Arkansas. Summer and fall. 



17. Solidago erectaPursh. Stems 3-13 dm. tall,striate, glabrous or merely puberulent 

 near the inflorescence, simple and wand-like or sometimes branched, often purple or purple- 

 tinged : leaf-blades various, .those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong 



