CARDUACEAE 1195 



leaves linear, entire, the longer ones fully or nearly one-half as long as the stem, those of 

 the very few cauline leaves narrowly linear, 1-8 cm. long, all acute : heads relatively few, 

 in a lax narrow terminal thyrsus, not at all crowded : involucres turliinate-carapanulate, 

 4.5-5 mm. high, nearly 4 mm. thick ; bracts thin, rather lax, acute : .achenes finely pubes- 

 cent. 



In sand, Pine Key, Florida. 



25. Solidago v6rna M. A. Curtis. Stems 6-9 dm. tall, striate-ridged, purple-tinged, 

 softly puberulent, usually simple below the more or less widely branched inflorescence : 

 leaf-blades puberulent like the stem, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves_oval_ to 

 ovate, 5-9 cm. long, acute, serrate or crenate-serrate, narrowed into slender petiole-like 

 bases which equal or surpass them in length ; blades of the upper cauline leaves smaller, 

 slightly narrower and with short petiole-like bases : heads relatively few, in a lax or 

 irregularly spreading terminal thyrsus, the branches often 'remote : involucres broadly 

 campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, about 4 mm. thick ; bracts thinnish, acute, rather lax : 

 achenes finely pubescent. 



In open sandy pine woods, eastern North Carolina. Spring. 



26. Solidago pub6rula Nutt. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, more or less copiously puberulent, 

 striate-ridged or somewhat angled, purple or purple-tinged, simple or copiously branched 

 above : leaf-blades thinnish, puberulent, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatu- 

 late to oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, appressed serrate or crenate-serrate, narrowed into some- 

 times slender petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline narrow, oblanceolate to elliptic 

 or linear-elliptic, much smaller than the lower and less prominently toothed, or entire : 

 heads numerous, in a terminal, branching or sometimes narrow thyrsus : involucres nar- 

 rowly campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. long, about 3 mm. thick: bracts thinnish, acute, flat: 

 achenes glabrous. 



In dry or moist soil. New Brunswick to Florida and Mississippi. Summer and fall. 



27. Solidago pulverulenta Nutt. Similar to S. pubernla in habit but rather smaller, 

 the foliage, especially the stem, cinereous-puberulent : leaf-blades thickish, those of the 

 basal and lower cauline leaves ovate to oval or rarely nearly spatulate, less than 1 dm. long, 

 obtuse or apiculate, shallowly few-toothed near the apex, cuneately narrowed into winged 

 petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline much reduced in size, commonly only 1 or 2 

 cm. long : heads numerous, in a narrow or somewhat branched terminal thyrsus : involu- 

 cres turbinate-campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2.5 mm. thick : bracts thinnish, acute, nearly 

 flat : achenes glabrous. 



In pine woods, North Carolina to Florida and Alabama. Summer and fall. 



28. Solidago Lindheimeriana Scheele. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, pale-puberulent, striate- 

 ridged, copiously leafy, usually simple : leaf-blades firm at maturity, pale or silvery, 

 scabrous with very short rigid hairs, those of the upper cauline leaves oblong to oblong- 

 lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, acute, entire, sometimes undulate, ciliate : heads numerous in a 

 compact usually cylindric terminal thyrsus : involucres narrowly campanulate, 6 mm. high, 

 about 3.5 mm. thick, the body green, the margins pale: achenes glabrous. 



On rocky bluffs and in old stream beds, Texas. Fall. 



29. Solidago striata Ait. Stems 7-27 dm. tall, striate, glabrous, simple, strict : 

 leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, glabrous, those of the basal and lower cauline spatulate to nar- 

 rowly oblong, 5-15 cm. long, obtuse, entire or rarely sparingly toothed, blades of the upper 

 cauline leaves abruptly much smaller than the basal, erect or appressed to the stem, mainly 

 acute, entire, gradually merging into the bracts of the inflorescence : heads numerous, in 

 a strict or narrow terminal thyrsus : involucres narrowly campanulate or nearly cylindric- 

 campanulate, about 5 mm. high, 3 mm. thick ; bracts thinnish in age, acute, rounded on 

 the back : achenes glabrous. 



In low pine lands, New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana. Also in Cuba. Summer and fall. 



30. Solidago angustifolia Ell. Stems 8-21 dm. tall, striate, glabrous, mainly 

 simple : leaf-bhules fleshy-leathery, glabrous, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves 

 1.5-3 dm. long, linear to linear-lanceolate, acute or acutish, narrowed into petiole-like bases, 

 entire ; blades of the upper cauline leaves abruptly much smaller than the lower, narrowly 

 oblong to linear or linear-subulate near the inflorescence, acute, entire, erect or appressed 

 to the stem : heads numerous, in a terminal one-sided pyramidal or elongated thyrsus con- 

 spicuously secund on the branches : involucres narrowly campanulate, 3.5-4 mm. high, 3 

 mm. thick; bracts thickish, rather obtuse, rounded on the back or slightly keeled : achenes 

 finely pubescent. 



In salt marshes and on brackish shores, North Carolina to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 



31. Solidago sempervirens L. Stems 6-25 dm. tall, striate, mostly simple, usually 

 purple or purple-tinged, glabrous below the inflorescence : leaf-blades fleshy-leathery, 



