CAEDUACEAE 1197 



spatulate, 7-11 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, rather bluntly serrate, narrowed into petiole- 

 like bases, those of the upper cauline sessile, oblong, oval, ovate or suborbicular, appressed- 

 serrate, or those high up on the stems entire, those on the branches ovate or suborbicular : 

 heads numerous, in a usually widely spreading panicle, secund on the slender branches: 

 involucres cylindric-campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2 mm. thick ; bracts thick, rather angled on 

 the back, the inner linear : achenes pubescent. 



In dry soil, Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Summer and fall. 



39. Solidago pallescens C. ]\lohr. Similar to S. hrachyphjUa in habit. Stems often 

 widely branched : leaves almost glabrous except the ciliolate ujargins ; blades thick, tirm at 

 maturity, those of the basal and lower cauline oblong-lanceolate to spatulate, shallowly 

 serrate and narrowed into petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline oblong-elliptic to 

 oblong-ovate, indistinctly toothed, all glaucescent, those on the branches much reduced in 

 size and cuneate to obovate-spatulate : heads rather numerous, secund on the widely spread- 

 ing branches : involucres cylindric-campanulate, 4 mm. high, 2 mm. thick ; bracts thick, 

 rounded on the back, the inner oblong : achenes pubescent. 



On dry hillsides, Alabama. Fall. 



40. Solidago tortifolia Ell. Stems relatively slender, 6-11 dm. tall, pale, rough- 

 pubescent : leaf-blades pubescent and roughish, more or less twisted and often reflexed, 

 merely sessile, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves linear or linear-spatulate, 2-8 

 cm. long, acute or sometimes acuminate, remotely and shallowly serrate above the middle, 

 those of the upper cauline linear, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, often entire : heads 

 numerous, in a one-sided usually wide panicle, slender-peduncled, secund on the branches : 

 involucres cylindric, 4 mm. high, 1.5 mm. thick; bracts narrowly linear, obtuse or acutish, 

 keeled along the back : achenes minutely pubescent. 



In dry sandy soil, along or near the coast, Maryland to Florida and Texas. Fall. 



41. Solidago fistulosa ]\Iill. Stems relatively stout, 9-21 dm. tall, purple or purple- 

 tinged, rough-pubescent : leaves numerous ; blades rough-pubescent, those of the basal and 

 lower cauline spatulate to oblong-spatulate, 8-12 cm. long, somewhat truncate at the base, 

 shallowly serrate, those of the upper cauline oblong to ovate-oblong, much smaller than 

 those of the lower, mainly entire, acute or abruptly narrowed into a twisted tip, partly 

 clasping by a broad base : heads numerous, in an open or dense one-sided panicle, short- 

 peduncled, secund on the spreading or recurving branches : involucres narrowly campanu- 

 late, 3.5-4 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts linear-lanceolate to narrowly linear, mainly 

 acute, rounded or keeled on the back : achenes minutely pubescent. 



In moist pine lands. New Jersey to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



42. Solidago Earlei Small. Stems about 9 dm. tall, striate or striate-angled, loosely 

 pubescent, purple-tinged : leaves few ; blades loosely pubescent along the veins beneath 

 and the edges, those of the lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong-spatulate, 6-9 cm. long, 

 acute, remotely appressed-serrate, gradually narrowed to the base, those of the upper cauline 

 elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate, appressed-serrate, merely sessile : 

 heads numerous, in a one-sided panicle, secund and erect on the ascending branches: invo- 

 lucres cylindric-campanulate, 4-4.5 mm. high, about 2 mm. thick ; bracts thickish, obtuse, 

 keeled on the back, the inner linear : achenes minutely pubescent. 



In dry soil, Alabama. Fall. 



43. Solidago p6ndula Small. Stems 6-11 dm. tall, slightly striate, scabrous-pubes- 

 cent with short rigid hairs : leaves relatively few ; blades very scabrous-pubescent, bright 

 green, those of the cauline leaves elliptic-oblanceolate to elliptic and elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 

 cm. long, acute, sharply serrate, or quite reduced in size near the inflorescence and entire, 

 sessile : heads numerous, secund on the branches of the panicle and more or less drooping : 

 involucres cylindric-turbinate, 5-5.5 mm. high, about 2 mm. thick ; bracts linear-lanceolate 

 to linear, acute, decurrent on the peduncles : achenes minutely pubescent. 



In dry soil, northwestern Arkansas. Summer and fall. 



44. Solidago rugbsa Mill. Stems 3-22 dm. tall, simj)le or widely branched above, 

 pubescent, striate : leaves rather numerous ; blades relatively thin, somewhat pubescent, 

 especially beneath, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblong or elliptic, 

 1-2 dm. long, narrowed into petiole-like bases, those of the upper cauline elliptic, lanceo- 

 late or oblong-ovate, all acute or acuminate, sharply toothed, rugose-veiny at least in age : 

 heads numerous, in a one-sided panicle, secund on the more or less elongated branches : 

 involucres cylindric, or campanulate at maturity, about 4 mm. high, 2 mm. thick]; bracts 

 linear or oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, rounded or somewhat keeled on the back : achenes 

 pubescent. 



In dry soil or low woods, Newfoundland to Ontario, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 



