1202 CARDUACEAE 



lower cauline leaves spatulate, 5-11 cm. long, often shallowly or undulated toothed, those 

 of the upper cauline somewhat smaller, commonly entire, obtuse or acute, those near the 

 inflorescence ovate, oval or obovate : heads numerous, approximate or crowded and secund 

 on the pubescent branches of the compact panicle : involucres narrowly campanulate, about 

 5 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick; bracts oblong or linear-oblong, thin, obtuse, barely keeled 

 on the back : achenes pubescent. 



In dry soil, the Northwest Territory to Minnesota, Texas and Mexico. Summer and fall. 



73. Solidago rddula Nutt. Stems 3-11 dm. tall, rough-pubescent, nearly simple or 



branched : leaves not markedly approximate, very scabrous, often prominently ribbed and 



veiny, firm in age, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves spatulate or oblong-spatulate, 



8-15 cm. long, serrate, those of the upper cauline gradually smaller, and less prominently 



toothed or those near the inflorescence entire, mainly oval or obovate : heads numerous, 



secund and apj^roximate on the more or less recurved branches of the panicle : involucres 



narrowly campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick ; bracts mainly linear, thick, 



rather obtuse : achenes finely pubescent. 



In dry or stony soil, Illinois and Missouri to Louisiana and Texas. Also in middle North Carolina. 

 Summer and fall. 



74. Solidago Drummdndii T. & G. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, softly pubescent, mostly 

 zigzag, sometimes branched : leaves not numerous ; blades thinnish, sparingly pubescent, 

 those of the basal and lower cauline early disappearing, those of the upper cauline oval to 

 ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-8 cm. long, acute, or slightly acuminate, rather sharply serrate, 

 narrowed in short petiole-like bases : heads rather numerous, secund and approximate on 

 the often recurved pubescent branches of the one-sided panicle : involucres narrowly cam- 

 panulate, about 3 mm. high, 2 mm. thick ; bracts mainly oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse, 

 somewhat keeled on the back : aclienes pubescent. 



In rocky soil, Illinois to Missouri and Louisiana. Fall. 



39. BRACHYCHAETA T. & G. 



Perennial pubescent herbs, resembling species of Solidago. Leaves alternate : blades 

 broad, toothed, those of the basal leaves often ample and long-petioled, those of the upper 

 stem-leaves short-petioled or sessile. Heads numerous, radiate, thyrsoid. Involucres nar- 

 row, few-flowered : bracts leathery, the inner successively longer. Receptacle naked. Ray- 

 flowers pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect. Corollas yellow. Anthers obtuse at the base. 

 Stigmas with lanceolate appendages. Achenes 8-10-ribbed. Pappus a row of scale-like 

 bristles shorter than the achene. False Goldenrod. 



1. Brachychaeta sphacelata (Raf. ) Britton. Stems 6-15 dm. tall, finely pubescent, 

 narrowly or widely paniculate above : leaves various ; blades thin, tliose of the basal and 

 lower cauline leaves orbicular-ovate to ovate, 6-10 cm. long, coarsely toothed, truncate or 

 subcordate at the base, long-petioled, those of the upper cauline leaves ovate to oval or 

 elliptic, sessile or with short petiole-like bases, all slightly acuminate : heads numerous, in 

 small clusters on one side of the branches : involucres 3.5-4 mm. high, cylindric, the inner 

 bracts obtuse. 



In woods, Virginia to Indiana, Georgia and Alabama. Summer and falL 



40. BELLIS L. 



Annual or perennial, caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes all 

 basal : blades commonly broadest above the middle, entire or toothed. Heads radiate, 

 solitary or several, terminating branches. Involucres broadly campanulate or hemispheric : 

 bracts narrow, herbaceous, in 1 or 2 series, nearly equal in length. Receptacle conic or 

 convex, naked. Ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, witli white, pink, purple or violet ligules. 

 Disk-flowers perfect, with yellow corollas. Anthers obtuse at the base. Stigmas with trian- 

 gular appendages. Achenes flattened, with nerves near the margins. Pappus wanting or 

 obsolete. Daisy. 



1. Bellis integrif olia Michx. Annual or biennial, pubescent. Stems 0.5-4 dm. tall, 

 sometimes much branched. Leaf-blades spatulate to oblong, 1-4 cm. long, entire, tlie 

 lower ones petioled, the upper sessile : peduncles slender : involucral bracts oblong-lanceo- 

 late, 2.5-3 mm. long, acuminate, scarious-margined : ray-flowers many, with pale purple 

 or pale violet ligules 6-14 mm. long. 



In low grounds, Kentucky and Arkansas, south to Tennessee and Texas. Spring and summer. 



