1216 CARDUACEAE 



cauline leaves similar, lanceolate or oblons: ; upper cauline leaves sessile or clasping, chiefly 

 lance-oblong ; branch-leaves subulate, small and suddenly reduced : heads numerous, race- 

 mose and somewhat secund on the spreading branches, 16-20 mm. broad : involucre 

 broadly turbinate : bracts linear-oblong, slightly pubescent, acute or acutish, their broad 

 green tips appressed : ray-flowers 8-15 ; ligules usually pale violet, 6-10 mm. long : pappus 

 whitish. 



In dry soil, New Brunswick and Ontario to Florida, Alabama and Arkansas. Fall. 



30. Aster Proteus Burgess. Plants small, racemose, with many cordated leaves, of 

 firm roughish texture but with little hair : stem slender, apt to be glabrate, and 3 dm. high, 

 sometimes 7 dm., virgate and little branched, but sometimes forking near the base : leaves 

 somewhat remote ; blades delicate, polymorphous, not thick nor thin ; radicals numerous, 

 resembling violet leaves, 4.5 x 2.5 cm. or less, cordate-ovate, almost acute, finely subcrenate, 

 often nodding on their prolonged and very slender petioles : cauline leaves tend to assume 

 about 4 types ; the first, or basal, all similar to the radical, but with straighter sides, nar- 

 rowly cordate-triangular and acutish, minutely serrulate, soon becoming entire ; second 

 form, triangular-lanceolate, sloping into a distinct winged petiole ; third, narrowly linear 

 or lanceolate, sessile by a short broad taper base ; fourth, oblong-acute, sessile by a broad 

 base or with very short broad wing, numerous, much-reduced and disappearing among the 

 middle axils : inflorescence nearly nude, a simple open raceme with spreading heads, or 

 each head replaced by a racemose subsecund branch : rays violet : disks not so dark as in 

 related species : bracts linear, briefly acuminate, closely imbricated, the green tips con- 

 spicuous, narrow diamond-form or narrow lanceolate. 



In dry ground toward the coast. North Carolina and Florida to Mississippi. Summer and fall. 



31. Aster asperifolius Burgess. Plants small, racemose, minutely tomentulose 

 throughout, very rough and heavy in texture : stem often but 3 dm. high : leaves sub- 

 coriaceous ; blades hispid, subentire, obtuse, ovate-oblong and longer than their short 

 petioles ; rameal leaves minute, adnate, subulate-filiform ; radial leaves and chief caulines 

 sometimes subcordate ; petioles slendei', naked or narrowly margined ; ampleiicaul dila- 

 tion absent or rare : inflorescence a loose simple or compound naked raceme, or several 

 racemes which may become more short-peduncled and leafy : heads smaller than in A. un- 

 dulatus: bracts fewer, slightly pubescent, appressed, linear-oblong, acute, with distinct 

 rhomboid green tips. Most hispid-pubescent and rounded-leaved of the southern correla- 

 tives of A. undulatus L. [^A. asperulus T. & G., not Wall.] 



In dry or sandy soil, South Carolina and Florida to Louisiana. Fall. 



32. Aster sylv^stris Burgess. Stem slender, scabrous, erect, pale-green, usually 4 

 dm. high,- minutely pubescent : leaves resemble A. undulatus, but blades broader, shorter, 

 thinner, deeper green, more uniformly petioled ; predominant leaf-form broadly short- 

 cordate, acute, with rounded basal lobes, deep or excavated sinus, broadly crenate or entire 

 margin : petioles narrow, long and numerous, dilated at the base, seldom otherwise winged : 

 upper leaves oblong-acute, soon sessile ; rameals uniform and spreading as in A. imdulatus, 

 oval to linear-elliptic ; radicals small, orbicular, short-petioled ; pilose and webby hair 

 present on the leaves beneath but not velvety : inflorescence irregularly spreading or as- 

 cending, of long racemose branches : heads rather few : pedicels distinct, often 3 cm. long : 

 rays full violet : bracts linear, triangular-acute at apex, with large and broad rhomboid 

 green tips. 



In open woodlands. New York and Pennsylvania to South Carolina and Alabama. Fall. 



33. Aster tru611ius Burgess. Plants small, erect, with little hair : stem erect, strong 

 but slender, rough: leaves subentire, 5x2 cm., thickish, firm, rough, typically triangu- 

 lar-lanceolate with sides straight-tapered from the prominently shouldered truncate or 

 cordate base, in form suggesting a mason's trowel : plant remarkable for its numerous 

 short narrow petioles with large basal dilation, and above these, its strap-like petioles with 

 slight l)asal dilation ; radicals cordate-orbicular, crenate, somewhat velvety ; axiles often 

 deflexed, narrow-ovate ; rameals spreading : rays short, purplish blue : disks soon reddish 

 brown : bract-tips diamond-shaped, broad and bright green. 



In sandy thickets, Vermont and Kentucky to Georgia and Alabama, Fall. 



34. Aster corrigi^tus Burgess. Plants tall, robust, rough, with little hair, with 

 predominantly narrow spearhead-shaped much-ruflled sessile leaves, foliose in the axils, and 

 with long and high inflorescence, small blue-violet heads and lozenge-tipped bracts. Stem 

 about 12 dm. high, or more, brown, terete-striate, rough, with short scattered strigose 

 hair aliove : leaves tending to be narrowly lanceolate and broad-based, slanting straight 

 both ways from near the base, tending to the form of an acute narrow spearhead, about 7 

 or 12x2 cm., very slowly diminished through the inflorescence; radicals small, short 

 and broad, somewhat cordate-oval ; a very few lower cauline leaves develop obscure corda- 



