CARDUACEAE 1233 



b. Leaf-blades linear or nearly so. 



Leaf-blades entire. 4. B. angmtifolia. 



Leaf-blades toothed. 



Achenes lO-nerved : pappusof the pistillate heads conspicuously elongated. 5. B.neglecta. 



Achenes 5-nerved : pappus of the pistillate heads barely elongated. 6. B. glutinosa. 



1. Baccharis Texkna (T. &G. ) A. Gray. Foliage glabrous. Stems 2-9 dm. tall, 

 rigid, branched : leaves numerous ; blades tirm, linear, 1-5 cm. long, acute, entire, sessile : 

 heads rather few, corymbose : involucres campanulate ; staminate 5 mm. high, with oblong- 

 lanceolate to linear bracts ; pistillate 8-10 mm. high, with lanceolate to linear acute bracts, 

 the outer sparingly glandular : pappus twice or thrice as long as the involucre, that of 

 the pistillate flowers in several series : achenes 4 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so. 



On dry prairies, Texas. Summer. 



2. Baccharis halimifolia L. A much-branched shrub 1-4 m. tall, with resinous 

 foliage. Leaves numerous ; blades leathery, suborbicular to oblong or linear-elliptic, 

 coarsely toothed or the upper ones entire : heads numerous, in peduncled clustei's of 3-5 : 

 involucres various ; staminate campanulate, 5 mm. high, with oblong or linear obtuse 

 bracts ; pistillate ovoid, 6 mm. high, with ovate to linear-oblong bracts, the outer obtuse, 

 the inner acute : pappus of the pistillate heads about twice as long as the involucre : 

 achenes 1 mm. long, ribbed. 



Along the coast or rarely inland, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. 



3. Baccharis glomeruliflora Pers. A branching shrub 1-3 m. tall, with light green 

 barely resinous foliage. Leaves rather few ; blades leathery, spatulate to cuneate-obovate, 

 2-5 cm. long, entire, or sharply toothed above the middle : heads solitary and sessile in the 

 upper axils or few in sessile or short-peduncled clusters : involucres various ; staminate 

 campanulate, 4 mm. high, with ovate to oblong-ovate obtuse bracts ; pistillate ovoid, 5-6 

 mm. high, with ovate to oblong obtuse bracts : pappus barely twice as long as the in- 

 volucre : achenes 1.5 mm. long. 



In and about pine-land swamps, North Carolina to Florida. Fall and winter. 



4. Eacchaiis angustifolia Michx. A much-branched shrub 1-2.5 m. tall, with 

 resinous foliage. Leaves numerous ; blades leatliery, linear, 1-8 cm. long, entire or nearly 

 so, acute, sessile : heads numerous, solitary on short peduncles or 2^ in peduncled clusters : 

 involucres various ; staminate campanulate, 2.5 mm. high, with ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 

 obtuse bracts ; pistillate oblong to ovoid, 4-5 mm. high, with ovate to almost linear obtuse 

 or acutish bracts : pappus nearly twice as long as the involucre : achenes about 1 mm. long. 



In brackish marshes. North Carolina to Florida and Texas. Fall. 



5. Baccharis negl^cta Britton. A branching shrub several dm. tall, with light 

 green foliage. Leaves numerous ; blades linear, 2-10 cm. long, acute, remotely toothed, 

 sessile or short-petioled : heads numerous : involucres various ; staminate campanulate, 4 

 mm. high, with oblong to oblong-lanceolate obtuse bracts ; pistillate ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 

 4 mm. high, with ovate to lanceolate acute bracts : pappus of the pistillate heads conspic- 

 uously elongated: achenes 1.5 mm. long. 



On plains or prairies, Nebraska to Texas and Mexico. Summer and fall. 



6. Baccharis glutinosa Pers. A branching shrub 1-3 m. tall, with resinous-coated 

 foliage. Leaves numerous ; blades linear, acute or acuminate, remotely serrate with sharp 

 or blunt teeth : heads numerous : involucres various ; staminate oblong, 3.5 mm. high, with 

 ovate to linear obtuse or acute bi-acts ; pistillate ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 5 mm. high, with 

 ovate to narrowly linear-lanceolate acute or acutish ciliate bracts : pappus of the pistillate 

 heads barely elongated. 



In moist soil, Texas to California and Mexico. Summer and fall. 



58. FILAGO L. 



Annual or sometimes perennial caulescent herbs, with white-woolly foliage. Leaves 

 alternate : blades entire, commonly narrow. Heads discoid, in dense clusters. Involucres 

 woolly : bracts few, scarious or sometimes herbaceous, in several series. Keceptacle high 

 or conic, chaffy. Pistillate flowers marginal, fi-uit-producing, with filiform corollas. Perfect 

 flowers few, mostly not fruit-producing, with tubular corollas. Anthers sagittate, the auri- 

 cles acuminate. Pappus wanting, [i^rax Gaertn. ] 



Flower-clusters less than 1 cm. broad : involucres campanulate : staminate flowers with a vestige of a 

 pistil. 1. F. nivea. 



Flower-clusters over 1 cm. broad : involucres fusiform or cylindric : staminate flowers 



with abortive pistils. 2. F. prolifera. 



1. Filago nivea Small. Stems simple and erect or much branched from the base, 

 2-15 cm. tall. Leaf-blades oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 5-12 mm. long, obtuse, entire, 



78 



