1238 CARDUACEAE 



1. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Annual, white-woolly nearly throughout. Stems 

 2-6 dm. tall, simple below, or sparingly branched : leaf-blades various ; those of the basal 

 leaves oblanceolate, those of the stem linear or oblong-linear, 2-10 cm. long, acute, undu- 

 late-crisped, sessile, the upper surface glabrous or glabrate : lieads numerous, barely crowded : 

 involucres ovoid, 6-7 mm. high ; bracts scarious, glabrous, white or early rusty, ovate to 

 oblong, obtuse, spreading in age : pappus bristles distinct, falling away separately : achenes 

 glabrous. 



In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, Florida and Texas. Summer and fall. Rabbit Tobacco. 



2. Gnaphalium Wrightii A. Gray. Perennial, white-woolly throughout. Stems 

 tufted, 2-5 dm. tall, often difl'usely branched : leaf-blades spatulate to linear, 2-8 cm. long, 

 acute, entire, sessile, the upper surface persistently woolly : heads numerous : involucres 

 oblong to ovoid, 4-5 mm. high, very woolly at the base ; bracts elliptic-spatulate to linear- 

 spatulate, acute, or the inner apiculate : achenes about 0.6 mm. long. 



In dry soil, Arkansas to Texas and Arizona. Summer and fall. 



3. Gnaphalium H611eri Britton. Annual or biennial, whitish tomentose and glandu- 

 lar viscid especially on the stem. Stems 1-6 dm. tall, branching above : leaf-blades linear 

 to oblong, 3-11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, undulate-crisped, sessile : heads usually numer- 

 ous : involucres ovoid to oblong, 5-6 mm. high, woolly at the base ; bracts oblanceolate to 

 linear, whitish, obtuse or the inner minutely apiculate : achenes about 0.5 mm. long. 



In sandy soil, Virginia and Kentucky to Georgia. Summer and fall. 



4. Gnaphalium decurrens Ives. Annual or biennial, whitish woolly and more or 

 less glandular. Stems 2-9 dm. tall, branching above : leaf-blades linear or slightly broad- 

 ened upward, 6-12 cm. long, acute, becoming thinly pubescent above, sessile and decurrent : 

 heads numerous, sometimes crowded : involucres oval or ovoid, 4-5 mm. high, woolly at 

 the base ; bracts elliptic to oblong or linear, or slightly broadened upward, acute or slightly 

 acuminate : achenes about 0.8 mm. long, glabrous. 



In dry soil or on rocky slopes, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, Pennsylvania, Texas and Arizona. 

 Summer and fall. 



5. Gnaphalium spathulatum Lam. Annual or biennial, thinly but quite completely 

 clothed with gray pubescence. Stems erect or decumbent, 2-4 dm. long, often branched, 

 cobwebby : leaf-blades spatulate, 2-8 mm. long, apiculate, entire, relatively thin : heads 

 often ci'owded, in sparingly woolly clusters : involucres flat at the base, 3-4 mm. high ; 

 bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or acutish, scarious: achenes about 0.5 mm. long. 



In waste places or cultivated grounds, chiefly in the Gulf States. Spring to fall. 



6. Gnaphalium purpiareum L. Annualor perennial, white-woolly or silvery. Stems 

 1-4 dm. tall, simple or diffusely branched, densely woolly or felty-pubescent : leaf-blades 

 spatulate to linear, 2-8 cm. long, acute or apiculate, relatively thick : heads numerous, 

 crowded in narrow copiously woolly spikes or racemes: involucres oblong or ovoid-oblong, 

 or sometimes conic, 4 mm. high ; bracts scarious, ovate-lanceolate to linear, acute or acumi- 

 nate : achenes about 0.5 mm. long, scabrous. 



In various situations in the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific States. Also in Central and South America. 

 Spring and fall. 



7. Gnaphalium falcatum Lam. Somewhat similar to G. p!(7-p(reu?)i, but more slender. 

 Stems simple or branched at the base, the branches densely white-woolly, 1-4 dm. tall : leaf- 

 blades usually about equally woolly on both sides, those of the lower cauline leaves linear- 

 spatulate, 2-6 cm. long, acute, those of the upper cauline leaves linear or narrowly linear- 

 spatulate : heads in compact clusters which are usually disposed in racemes : involucres 

 3-4 mm. high, the outer bracts woolly. 



In pine lands or cultivated grounds, Tennessee to Florida, Texas and Mexico. Also in tropical 

 America. Throughout the year. 



67. fNULA L. 



Perennial caulescent, often relatively large herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes mainly 

 basal : blades toothed, those of the basal or lower stem-leaves usually petioled. Heads 

 radiate, often showy. Involucres hemispheric or campanulate : bracts in several series, 

 sometimes foliaceous. Eeceptacle flat or convex, pitted, not chaffy. Eay-flowers pistillate, 

 often numerous : ligules 3'ellow, 3-toothed. Disk-flowers perfect, with tubular corollas. 

 Anthers sagittate, the auricles tailed. Stigmas narrow, those of the disk-flowers obtuse. 

 Achenes 5-ribbed. Pappus of several scabrous hair-like bristles. Elecampane. 



1. Inula Hel^nium L. Eoots mucilaginous. Foliage pubescent: stems 0.5-2 m. 

 tall, branching : leaf-ljlades various, those of the basal leaves oblong or elliptic, denticulate, 

 2-4 dm. long, petioled, those of the stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute or acumi- 



