CARDUACEAE 1273 



and decurrent : lieads showy, solitary or clustered : involucral bracts linear to linear-lan- 

 ceolate ; ligules of the ray-flowers yellow, 2-3 cm. long : achenes 4-5 mm. long, winged, 

 pubescent, with 2 small pappus-awns. 



In open woods and on prairies, Iowa to Ohio, Georgia and Texas. Summer and fall. 



6. Verbesina heterophylla (Chapm.) A. Gray. Stems hirsute or scabrous-hispidu- 

 lous, 5-10 dm. tall, winged, sparingly leafy above the middle. Leaves mostly opposite, 

 approximate on the lower part of the stem ; blades firm, elliptic, oblong or oblong-lanceo- 

 late, 2-6 cm. long, or much reduced above, serrate-dentate, sessile and decurrent : lieads 

 showy : involucres campanulate, 5-6 mm. high ; bracts lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, acute, 

 pubescent ; ligules of the ray-flowers bright yellow, linear, 1.5-2 cm. long : achenes obovate, 

 7 mm. long, winged, the body often ridged : pappus of 2 small awns. 



In dry pine lands, Florida. Spring and summer. 



7. Verbesina pauciflora (Nutt. ) Small. Stems scabrous to hispidulous, 3-7 dm. 

 tall, simple or nearly so, almost leafless above the middle. Leaves scattered ; blades leath- 

 ery, lucid, oblong or slightly broadest above the middle, 3-9 cm. long, obtuse at both ends, 

 aften apiculate at the apex, reticulated, shallowly serrate, sessile : heads usually solitary : 

 involucres about 10 mm. high ; bracts linear or slightly broadest above the middle, mostly 

 acute. [ Acdnovieris pmicifloral^ ntt. Verbesum TFcim A. Gray.] 



In low pine lands, near the coast, western Florida. Summer. 



8. Verbesina arist^ta (Ell.) Heller. Stems hirsute to hispid, 5-10 dm. tall, not 

 winged, usually branching above. Leaves rather remote, opposite ; blades firm, oblong to 

 oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, scabrous, coarsely serrate, sessile : heads 

 showy, corymbose : involucres campanulate, 5-6 mm. high ; bracts thick, narrowly linear- 

 lanceolate, or linear : ray-flowers 7-12 ; ligules bright yellow, linear, 2-3 cm. long : 

 achenes obovate or oblong-obovate, 4 mm. long : pappus of 2 short awns. [ V. nudicaulis 

 (Nutt.) A. Gray.] 



In sandy pine lands, Georgia, Florida and Alabama. Spring and summer. 



102. XIMENESIA Cav. 

 Annual caulescent herbs, with pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate or sometimes oppo- 

 site : blades broadest below the middle, simple, toothed or somewhat laciniate. Heads 

 solitary or few, radiate, showy, peduncled. Involucres rather flat, of narrow spreading 

 bracts. Receptacle convex, chafly. Kay-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing, numerous : 

 ligules yellow. Disk -flowers numerous, perfect, fruit-producing. Anthers somewhat sag- 

 ittate at the base. Stigmas with slender pubescent appendages. Achenes flat, winged. 

 Pappus of short and straight, or at least not of hooked, awns. 



1. Ximenesia encelioides Cav. Foliage pale or gray-strigillose. Stems 3-7 dm. 

 tall, freely branching : leaves mostly alternate ; blades deltoid or lanceolate, 5-10 cm. 

 long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate or incised, broadly cuneate to subcordate at the 

 base, the broader winged petioles with dilated toothed appendages near the base : heads 

 showy : involucres foliaceous ; bracts linear, 1.5-2 cm. long : ligules of the ray-flowers 

 bright yellow, as long as the involucral bracts or longer : achenes 6-7 mm. long, winged, 

 sometimes with 2 small awns. 



In low grounds, Colorado to Florida, Texas and Arizona. 



103. SYNEDRELLA Gaertn. 

 Annual caulescent pubescent herbs. Leaves opposite : blades simple, usually toothed. 

 Heads radiate, inconspicuous. Involucres several-flowered : bracts few, 1 or 2 herbaceous, 

 several chaffy. Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing : ligules'yellow. Disk-flowers per- 

 fect, fruit-producing : corollas with 4 lobes. Stigmas of the disk-flowers with elongated 

 appendages. Achenes of the ray flattened, 2-winged ; those of the disk flattened or 3-angled. 

 Pappus of 2-3 naked awns. 



1. Synedrella nodiflora ( L. ) Gaertn. Stems simple at the base, upright, 3-8 dm. 

 tall, more or less branched above. Leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 5-10 cm. long, acute or 

 slightly acuminate, serrate, narrowed into hispid-ciliate winged petioles : heads several, 

 clustered in the axils of the leaves or on short branchlets : involucres 7-9 mm. high ; bracts 

 chaffy, rather rigid, linear to linear-lanceolate : achenes 4-5 mm. long ; those of the ray 

 oblong, with ascending marginal bristles and two short awns ; those of the disk barely 1 

 mm. broad, slightly broadened upward with two bristle-like awns. 



In waste places and sandy soil, Florida. Native of tropical America. 



