CARDUAGEAE 1283 



109. ENDORIMA Raf. 



Perennial caulescent sometimes sparingly branched herbs. Leaves alternate, somewhat 



fleshy : blades narrow, entire, sessile. Heads long-peduncled, conspicuous. Involucre 



many-flowered. Receptacle convex-conic, covered with a honey-combed body formed by 



the concreted bractlets. Ray-flowers numerous, in 1 series, neutral, the ligules narrow. 



Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing. Anthers sagittate. Stigmas flattish, each with a crown 



of liairs and a subulate appendage. Achenes immersed in the pits of the receptacle. 



Pappus of 7-9 oblong-lanceolate nerveless scales in a single series. \_Baldwinia Nutt.] 



Disk dark purple: lower cauline leaves 10-12 cm. long. 1. E. atropurpurea. 



Disk yellow : lower cauline leaves 4-6 cm. long. 2. E. unijlora. 



1. Endorima atropurpirea (Harper) Small. Stems 6-8 dm. tall, simple or with 1-7 

 erect branches : leaf-blades linear-spatulate, the lower ones 10-12 cm. long, the upper gradu- 

 ally shorter : involucre nearly as in the following species : ray-flowers numerous ; ligules 

 spatulate, 3-4 cm. long, 2-3-toothed at the apex, pale yellow : disk-corollas dark purple : 

 achene and pappus nearly like that oi E. unijiora. \_Baldiinnia atropurpurea Harper.] 



In moist pine lands, southern Georgia. Fall. 



2. Endorima uuiflora (Nutt. ) Barnhart. Stems 3-9 dm. tall, simple or rarely branched. 

 Leaf-blades spatulate to linear, 1-6 cm. long, obtuse, entire, 1-1.5 mm. high : involucral 

 bracts ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute in about 4 series : ray-flowers 20-30 ; ligules yel- 

 low, linear-cuneate or tubular, over 2.5 cm. long, usually 3-toothed at the apex : disk- 

 corollas yellow, 5-6 mm. long : achenes cylindric-obconic, 2 mm. long, with 7-9 oblong 

 pappus-scales. IBaldwinia unijlora. Nutt.] 



In low pine lands, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. Summer and fall. 



110. ACTINOSPERMUM Ell. 



Annual, biennial or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate : blades flat, narrow, 

 entire. Heads radiate, solitary or corymbose. Involucres hemispheric : bracts imbricated 

 in several series, appressed, the inner longer than the outer. Receptacle convex, covered 

 with the concreted bractlets and honey-combed. Ray-flowers neutral : ligules yellow. 

 Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing. Anthers sagittate at the base. Stigmas flattened, 

 each with a crown of hairs and a subulate appendage. Achenes broadened upward, silky 

 villous. Pappus of 7-12 scarious obovate-orbicular nerveless scales. 



1. Actinospermum angustifolium (Pursh) T. & G. Stems 2-5 dm. tall, branching 

 above. Leaf-blades narrowly linear or slightly broadened upward, 1-4 cm. long, acute, 

 entire : heads showy, 6-10 mm. high : involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, acuminate : 

 ray-flowers 8-10 ; ligules bright yellow, cuneate, less than 2 cm. long, 3-4-toothed at the 

 apex : disk-corollas 4-4.5 mm. long: achenes turbinate, 2 mm. long, each with about 12 

 obovate or suborbicular pappus-scales. 



On sand hills and in pine lands, Georgia and Florida. Summer and fall. 



111. MARSHALLIA Schreb. 



Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate : blades simple, flat, entire, more or less 



distinctly 3-nerved. Heads discoid, long-peduncled. Involucres mostly campanulate, or 



hemispheric : bracts narrow, nearly equal, in 1 or 2 series. Receptacle convex, sometimes 



becoming conic, chaffy. Ray-flowers wanting. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing : 



corollas white, pink or purple, the tube very slender. Anthers minutely sagittate at the base. 



Stigmas elongated, truncate. Achenes broadened upward, 5-angled. Pappus of 5 or 6 



acute or acuminate nearly equal scales. 



Bracts of the involucre attenuate or subulate-tipped. 



Basal and lower cauline leaves with elongated linear-attenuate 3-ribbed blades. 



Heads few-flowered : longer involucral bracts less than 6 mm. long : pappus-scales ovate. 



1. M. ladniarioidea. 

 Heads many-flowered: longer involucral bracts over 6 mm. long: pappus- 

 scales lanceolate. 2. M. WilUamwnii. 

 Basal and lower cauline leaves with spatulate, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse 



blades. 3. M. graminifolia. 



Bracts of the involucre obtuse or merely acute, or apiculate. 

 A. Corolla-tube not swollen into a throat. 



Bractlets of the receptacle spatulate. 4. M. obovata. 



Bractlets of the receptacle linear. 



Pappus-scales mainly over 2 mm. long. 5. M. caespitosa. 



Pappus-scales mainly less than 2 mm. long. 



