Palaeontologie. 287 



tropical, with marked, approaches to the living flora of 

 Aust ralia, and with one important exception, Credneria, 

 their Dicotyledons belong to existing genera. The Upper and 

 Lower Senonian floras of Westphalia, are remarkable in 

 the fact that not a Single Dicotyledonous species is common to 

 the two. 



From Arctic E u r o p e , both Cenomanian and Senonian 

 floras are known, and many of the species are, in both cases, iden- 

 tical with those found in Cretaceous deposits in more Southern 

 latitudes; a fact which is very remarkable. Both the floras, 

 however, suggest that the climate of Greenland was somewhat 

 colder than that of VVestphalia. 



In the Palaeocene rocks, the floras were not markedly 

 different from those of the Upper Cretaceous. Some account 

 is given of the two best known floras of this age from Sezanne 

 and Gelinden. 



The Author then passes on to review the British Eocene 

 and Oligocene floras, which are still very imperfectly known. 

 From the London Clay, 200 species, are known, chiefly as 

 fruits, of which Nlpa is the most abundant und characteristic. 

 The Lower Bagshot of Alum Bay in the Isle of Wight, 

 has yielded 274 species of a very tropical facies, but here again 

 the conclusions arrived at are in need of critical reexamination. 



The Bournemouth flora suggests a comparison with the 

 climate and forests of the Malay Archipelago, and tro- 

 pical America. The flora of the Bovey Tracey beds is 

 identical in age with that of the Bournemouth, but the 

 position of the Scotch and Irish plant deposits, although probably 

 pre-Miocene, is not yet clear. The succeeding 1 igo cen e 

 beds have yielded fewer plants, but these indicate on the whole 

 a somewhat cooler climate than that of the Bournemouth 

 beds. 



An account is next given of the Upper Eocene Flora of 

 Aix in Provence, a flora believed to be allied to that of 

 Central Africa of to-day, and of the Amber deposits of 

 the Baltic. The latter are especially valuable as affording excep- 

 tional evidence for a systematic determination of the plants they 

 contain. 



Among Mio cen e deposits, the best known plant-beds are 

 those of Oeningen (Switzerland) from which nearly 500 

 species have been recorded. This flora is characterised by the 

 large number of families represented, the marked increase in 

 the deciduous-leaved plants, the gradual decrease of palms and 

 tropical genera, and their replacement by forms of Mediteranean 

 or North American facies. Of a total of 920 species known 

 from various Miocene deposits in Switzerland, the Mono- 

 cotyledons form one sixth; grasses, sedges and palms being the 

 most numerous. Dicotyledons are represented especially by 

 Leguminoseae, and Amentaceac. The Coniferae number 94 spe- 

 cies; Ferns, 37. and Cycads, 2. 



