Floristik und Systematik der Phanerogamen. 445 



Verf. bezeichnet die Flora Con s ta n tinopels als fast vollständig be- 

 kannt: etwa 50 Botaniker hätten seit Anfang des IS. Jahrhunderts in den 

 Umgebungen der Stadt botanisirt. Die für die Flora C o n s tan t i nop e 1 s 

 angegebene Zahl von mehr als 2000 Arten sind zu hoch gegriffen, da oft 

 eine Art mehrmals unter verschiedenen Namen aufgeführt wird. Das 

 Pflanzenverzeichniss enthält 19 bei Consta ntinopel bisher noch nicht 

 aufgefundene Arten, die der Verf. seit 1899 (dem Datum seiner letzten 

 Publication über die Flora von Constantinopel) gesammelt hat. 

 Neu aufgestellte Formen sind: Ranunculus marginatus Urv. «) laevis, ß) 

 transiens, y) trachycarpus Fisch, et Mey. sub. var. : 1. vulgaris, 2. scandi- 

 cinus ; Sisymbrium Austriacum Jacq., subsp. thracicum ; Lavatera Cretica 

 f. hirsuta; Lupinus termis var. variegatus. — Bei mehreren Arten finden 

 sich z. Th. sehr ausführliche kritische Erörterungen. 



Ginzberger (Wien). 



HOPE, C. W.. The „Sadd" of the Upper Nile: its Botany 

 compared with that of similar Obstructions in 

 Bengal and American waters. (Annais of Botany. 

 Vol. XVI. No. LXIII. Sept. 1902. p. 495—516.) 



The „Sadd", which causes such an obstruetion in some parts of the 

 waters of the Nile, is mainly composed of Cyperus Papyrus, L. and the 

 „um-soof" (Vossia procera), to which the „ambatch'' (Herminiera 

 elaphroxylon) is added in some places. Pistia stratiotes, Utricularia, 

 Azolla, 'Ottelia and Aldrovandia are smaller forms, which help to make 

 up the „Sadd" and even form a large portion of it in the Bahr-al-Ghazäl. 

 They are bred in neighbouring shallow lakes and carried into the river 

 by floods. The aecumulated masses of Vegetation in the swamps of 

 Low er Bengal are very similar, the African forms being represented 

 by closely allied species;' thus, as in the Nile, we have two species of 

 Cyperus, whose seeds float and germinate in the water, and the „ambatch" 

 is represented by the equally light-wooded Aeschynomene aspera L. 

 Common to both the Nile and Bengal swamps are for example Vossia 

 procera, Trapa natans, L., Pistia stratiotes, L. and Ceratopteris thalic- 

 troides. The American „Sadds" have an entirely different composition : 

 in the great rivers of Guiana the obstructions are chiefly caused by 

 Montrichardia arborescens and Panicum elephantipes, mingled with a 

 number of Leguminosae ( Drepanocarpus lunatus, Muellera moniliformis. 

 etc.). These obstructions are chiefly formedby growth in situ, whereas the 

 „Sadd" of the Upper Nile consists of plants, which grow in the lagoons 

 and are forced by floods or winds into the main stream. In the 

 St. John 's River, Florida, Eichhornia speciosa, Kunth. is the main 

 factor in the obstruetion; this is represented by the allied genus 

 Monoclioria in the Bengal swamps. In Florida there is notall plant, 

 making up the obstruetion, as in the other localities mentioned. 



F. E. Fritsch. 



LlNGOT. [F.], La Vegetation de Ia montagne de I'Avocat. 

 (Bull. Soc. des natural, de l'Ain. VIII. 1903. p. 41—43.) 



La montagne de I'Avocat atteint 1017 m.; ses flancs sont couverts de 

 prairies et de bois oü domine le hetre, sans aueune Conifere. La Vegetation 

 en est intermediaire entre celle du Haut et du Bas-Bugey; l'auteur a le 

 soin de la decrire dans ses rapports avec les differentes zones d'altitude. 

 Des 8 — 900 m. on trouve Veratrum albiim, Gcntiana cruciata, Polygonalum 

 verticillatum, Galium boreale, Astrantia major, Gentiana lutea, Actaea 

 spicaia et plusieurs autres qui, dans le midi de Ia France, ne viennent 

 pas au dessous de 1100 m., aecompagnant d'ailleurs fidelement le hetre. 

 Vers le sommet, on trouve, entre autres, Gentiana verna, Allium ursinum 

 et Campanula pusilla. C. Flahault. 



