Flonstik und Systematik der Phanerogamen. 589 



extended ; Saxifragra stellaris and 6". aizoides have been iound in Fer- 

 managh; Wade 's 1804 record of Dryas octopetala from the saine county 

 is verified; Teesdalia nudicaulis and Brachypodium pinnatum have been 

 refound and rnust rank as native species ; Trigonella ornithopodioides, 

 Artemisia maritima, and Potamogeton plantagineus are added to the 

 ilora of Ulster. 



The last part of the paper is devoted to an answer to Mr. C o 1 g a n 's 

 criticism of the author's „Types of Distribution in the Irish Flora". 



F. E. Fritsch. 



PRAEGER, R. L., What is an annual? (The Irish Naturalist. 



Vol. XII. April. 1903. No. 4 p. 89—91.) 



The correct definition of an annual appears to be — A plant which 

 completes its life-cycle within twelve months. The author shows that a 

 considerable number of annuals (e. g. Veronica arvensis, Galium Aparine, 

 Papaver Rhoeas, etc.) winter in the seedling or rosette stage, instead oi 

 commencing growth in spring; but it is not all annuals, that thus rise 

 from seed in the autumn This point seems to depend to some extent on 

 early or late fruiting It is further pointed out that the same remarks 

 apply to many biennials (e. g. Crepis taraxaeifolia), which only die in 

 the third year after commencing to grow. F. E. Fritsch. 



SURINGAR, j. VALCKENIER, Kersen. (S.-A. jaarboek 1902 der 



Neder!. Pomologische Vereeniging.) 



Nach einem kurzen historischen Ueberblick behandelt Verf. die ver- 

 schiedenen Kirschensysteme, wie von D uh anel (1768), Lucas (1867) und 

 Hogg (1875) und giebt an, in welcher Weise ein solches System für ein 

 bestimmtes Land auszuarbeiten sei. Die Kirschen stammen von Prunus 

 Avium, P. Cerasus und P. aeida Koch; ein Blendling zwischen P. Avium 

 und Cerasus ist die Reine Hortense. Besondere Kirschensorten sind die 

 Allerheiligen Kirsche, (P. aeida semperflorens), welche den ganzen Sommer 

 blüht und die polygynischen Varietäten von P. Avium, Cerasus und 

 aeida Koch, welche mehrere Fruchtknoten in einer Blume enthalten und 

 deshalb ebenso viel Früchte am Ende jedes Fruchtstieles zusammen- 

 gedrängt tragen. j. Valckenier Suringar. 



ViALON [G ], Herborisations dans Ies Alpes maritimes. 



(Bull. Acad. intern, de Geogr. botan. XII. 1903. p. 162 



— 166.) 



Les bouches du Var constituaient jadis une localite des plus 

 interessantes au point de vue de la Vegetation. Aux greves marines 

 succedaient les greves torrentielles bordees de dunes et de marais. De 

 savants colmatages ont proiondement modifie Fembouchure du torrent. 

 On y recueillait encore, il y a vingt ans. Carex punctata Gaudin, 

 Typha minor Smith et Hedysarum obscurum L. (Bull. Soc. bot. de 

 France. XXX. p. IV). M. Viaion y signale entre autres especes 

 interessantes, Cyperus distaehyos All., Fimbristylis diclwtoma Vahl, 

 Lotus edulis L., L. Allionii Desfont., Lythrum Graefferi Tenore, Myricaria 

 germanica Desv., Panicum colonum L., Polygonum salicifolium Mouss., 

 Ranuncnlus saidous Crantz et Tamarix africana C ITahauIt: 



WHEELER, W., A., C atalog of Minnesota grasses. (Min- 

 nesota Botanical Studies. Third Series. Part I. 21. March 

 1903. p. 83-107.) 



A list of 178 species and varietes, in contrast with 139 published by 

 Upham in 1884 from the same State. The following new name oecurs 

 Elymus crescendus (E. canadensis crescendus Ramaly ). Trelease. 



