414 Fungi, Myxomyceten , Pathologie. 



three attack Wheat. P. triticina is found most commonly in the 

 Eastern Districts, P. graminis in the Southern and P. ghimaniin 

 in the Northern. These results must not be taken absolutely as the 

 nnmber of observations is as yet small. There is no daubt however 

 that in 1904 P. graminis was the prominent rust in Central India, 

 whereas P. ghimariim and P. triticina were most frequent under 

 the hüls. This fact is of interest, in that the only intermediate host 

 for any of the rusts known in India are the barberries near Simla 

 which bear the aecidia of P. graminis. Hence if that species had 

 arisen from an intermediate host it might have been expected to be 

 found more generally on the wheat of the North. 



Many possibilities have been suggested as to the wa}^ in which 

 the disease originates each year but none are satisfactory as far as 

 India is concerned. There is strong reason to believe that it cannot 

 arise from the spores of a previous crop, nor to any great extent 

 from other grasses affected with the same fungus. Neither has an 

 intermediate host (bearing the aecidial stage) been found, except in 

 an extremely small district of the infected area. There is no evidence 

 to favour the assumption of the existence of Mycoplasm. Infection by 

 spores deposited from the atmosphere having their origin in other 

 wheat growing countries is another suggested explanation, and this 

 is now being investigated by the authors. 



There is an obvious tendency in India, as in other countries, 

 for the rusts to develope races for each host-plant. Oats are not 

 attacked by the P. graminis of wheat or barley, and barley is 

 seldom attacked by the P. triticina of wheat. 



The question of raising resistant varieties is discussed, and it 

 is emphasized that each rust must be considered separately, as also 

 each climatic area. A. D. Cotton (Kew.) 



Fuhrmann, F., Der feinere Bau der Saccharomyceten-Z eWe . 

 (Cbl. f. Bakt. IL Bd. XVI. p. 629. 1906.) 



Ein Sammelreferat über 114 verschiedene Arbeiten über das 

 genannte Thema; die Cytologie der Hefenzelle darf als in den wich- 

 tigsten Punkten klargestellt gelten (was man von der der Schisotny- 

 ceten z. Z. noch nicht sagen kann.) Der Stoil ist gegliedert in die 

 Abschnitte: Die Zellhaut, der Zell in halt — Protoplasmakörper 

 (nebst Einschlüssen), Zellkern (Morphologie, Teilung bei der Spros- 

 sung, Verhalten bei der Sporenbildung) — die Sporen. 



Hugo Fischer (Berlin.) 



Höhnel, F. von, Mykologisches. XVI. Zur Pilzflora des 

 niederösterreichischen "Waldviertels. (Österr. botan. Zeitschr. 

 Jahrgang LVI. N". llr p. 437—440 und W. 12. p. 461-472. 1906.) 



In Beck's Übersicht der Kryptogamen Niederösterreichs sind 

 aus dem genannten Gebiete nur 238 Pilzformen beschrieben worden. 

 Seither (1887) ist nur wenig zur Förderung der Kenntnis der Pilz- 

 flora des Waldviertels geschehen. Verfasser sammelte 10 Jahre im 

 Gebiete, doch werden in vorliegender Abhandlung nur die Funde 

 des Sommers 1905 berücksichtigt, wozu auch Prof. V. Schiffner 

 Material lieferte (im ganzen 438"Formen, also eine verhältnismässig 

 geringe Anzahl, die sich teils durch die Trockenheit der letzten 

 Jahre, teils durch die grosse Einförmigkeit der Waldvegetation des 



