Floristik, Geographie, Systematik etc. 57 



Die zweite Zone, die des sommergrünen Laubwaldes, unter- 

 scheidet sich in eine wärmere und eine kühlere Unterzone. Für 

 die erstere sind charakteristisch hauptsächlich: Castmiea sativaMWl., 

 Qiiercus Robur L., Q. pediinculata C. Koch, Q. sessiliflora Sm.,'ö- 

 pubescens Willd., Q. cerris L. und lerner Carpinus betuhis L., C. 

 didnensis Scop., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Juglans regia L., Pla- 

 taniis orientaUs L., Ulmus niontana With., Acer pseudoplataniis L., 

 A. platanoides L., A campestve L., A. creticiim L., Tilia tomentosa 

 Moench., T. vulgaris Hayne, Cornus mas L., und C. sanguinea L. 

 In der zweiten kühleren Unterzone (Fagetum; erstrecken sich aus- 

 schliesslich Wälder aus Fagus silvatica L. Diese Zone ist haupt- 

 sächlich in Thessalien und im westlichen Festlande ausgebreitet, 

 fehlt dagegen im östlichen Festlande und im Peloponnes. Die 

 Ausbreitung des sommergrünen Laubwaldes im Allgemeinen, ist 

 am stärksten in dem feuchteren Südwest-, Nordost-, Nord- und 

 Westgriechenland; sie verschwindet dagegen im Ost- und Südost- 

 griechenland. 



Die dritte kühlere Zone des Koniferenwaldes wird durch das 

 Vorhandensein von Abies cephalonica Loud , sowie von Piniis nigra 

 Arn. charakterisiert. Mit diesen ist noch Pinus leucodermis Ant. auf 

 den Nordabhängen vom Olymp zu finden. Auf den Nordgebirgen 

 Thessaliens wächst ferner in dieser Zone Pinus peuce Griseb. 



Was die subalpine Baschwaldzone betrifft, so ist dieselbe in 

 Griechenland nicht entwickelt. Lakon (Tharandt). 



Moss, C. E., W. M. Rankin and A. G. Tansley. The Woodlands 

 of England. (Pamphlet 3 Cent. Comm. for Study and Survey of 

 British Vegetation; reprint from New Phytologist IX. p. 113 — 149. 

 1910.) 



"The present paper is an attempt to deal, in a general way, 

 with the character and distribution of the different types of natural 

 and seminatural woodland in England". "It is a direct outcome 

 of the work of the Central Committee for British Vegetation". These 

 extracts sum up the objects and source of this important contribu- 

 tion. The authors have directly examined most of the representa- 

 tive woodland areas in England from the Lake District to the 

 Southern coasts. A preliminary part deals with a fundamental 

 question regarding the woods of almost anj'- country: "Have not 

 existing woods been so altered by planting and in other ways that 

 they no longer represent the native plant-communities, but are rather 

 to be considered as mere congeries of indigenous and introduced 

 species?" The answer is that the artificial plantation of trees in 

 moorland. etc. is easily recognised, and that while few British 

 woodlands can be claimed as "Urwald", yet the great majority are 

 lineal descendants of primitive woods. The authors also trace the 

 influence of man through a series of types to show that in most 

 cases the essential characteristic features of woodland Vegetation 

 may be retained in spite of considerable interference. The constant 

 character of British woods over wide areas cannot be explained 

 except by the conclusion "that the greater part of the existing 

 woodlands largely retain their original character", these woods are 

 designated 'seminaturaF. 



In summarising some of the more important relations of climate 

 and soll, it is indicated that climate shows its effects in ascending 

 the larger hill-masses, but in the lowlands it does not materialh' 



