Eumycetes. 257 



morphologic respect i. e. Mncor }iodosns and M. stolonifenis, one has 

 its maximum of temperature at 43—44°, the other 10 degrees lower. 



I shall only summarily mention the results reached by the 

 author in consequence of his extensive examinations. 



The fungal fiora of the soil consists of about 30 Miicorineae 

 (besides of Cladosporium, Tonila etc.), of which the Single species 

 as regards their appearance conform to the quality of the soil. 

 Miicor racemosHS and partlj^ also M. dispersus are able to assimilate 

 nitrite and nitrate (KNO2 and KNO3), while M. strictus is unable to 

 do so. Ammoniummalinat has proved to be easily digested by the 

 30 species mentioned, and they were all able to digest urea with 

 glucose, as also with unorganic ammoniacal salts, when CaCOg 

 for Saturation of the free acid was present. For ammonium- 

 nitrate no base is, however, necessary as in this case both the 

 nitric acid and the ammonia are transformed at the same time. On 

 the other hand Mucorineae cannot utilise Acetamid such as Asper- 

 gillus can. Amonoacids alone were not fit for nutriment for Mucori- 

 neae, if however, glucose was added, leucin, tyrosin as well as 

 Peptone were particularly good nutriment for them, while hippuric 

 acid can only be digested b}^ a few species. Like Loew and Ab- 

 derhalden the author is of opinion, that the fungi are obliged to 

 reduce all nitrogen Compounds into ammonia before they will be 

 able to utilise them as nutriment. 



The Mucorineae living in the soil cannot absorb lactose, xylan 

 •and cellulose and only a few species will absorb C from glycerine, 

 mannite, Saccharose, inuline and starch, and only when at the same 

 time KNOo is offered them. On the other hand most of them are 

 able to take their consumption of carbon from pectin-acid, salicine, 

 helicine and especially from maitose and peptone. The species of 

 Absidia develop rather a considerable quantity of oxalic acid, most 

 likely on account of a incomplete Oxydation of glucose, whereas the 

 species of Mucor proper cannot produce oxalic acid. 



The significance of these fungi to the superior plants is for the 

 smaller part a noxious one, viz. the change of the easilj^ decomposed 

 ammoniacal salts into the with difificulty digested fungal albumen. for 

 the greater part a useful one, as they decompose the complicated 

 nitrogen com.pounds, found in the decayed vegetable matters, and 

 change them into ammoniacal Compounds. 



J. Lind (Copenhagen). 



Palm, B., Nye Bidrag tili Stockholmstraktens Svampflora. 

 [Neue Beiträge zur Pilzflora der Stockholmer Gegend]. 

 (Svensk bot. Tidskr. IV. p. (l)--(8). Stockholm, 12/1. 1910.) 



About 140 species, only parasitic ones, are mentioned. Some of 

 them were found on hostplants on which they were hitherto un- 

 known. f. inst: Ochropsora Sorbi {0\x6.s.) Dietel on Amela)ichier ca)ia- 

 densis and Synchytrium Poteutillae (Schrot.) Lagerh. on PotentiUa 

 Tormentilla. 



Melanipsora Lini Tul. f. liniperda Körn, on Linum usitatissimum 

 has significantly larger teleutospores than the main species and the 

 author has also several times vainh' tried to infect Linum usiiatis- 

 simum with uredospores of Melampsora Lini from Linum catharti- 

 cum, for this reason he proposes to consider the Melampsora on 

 Linum usitatissimum as an independent sp. under the name of 

 Melampsora Wiiperda (Körn.) Palm. 



Botan. Ceutralblatt. Band 116. 1911. 17 



