Varietäten, Descendenz, Hybriden. 359 



in which selt-pollination is likely to be the rule. 1) Triticwn dicoc- 

 ciirn, Schrk, At Lyallpur in the Punjab, the Emmer became 

 sparingly crossed with a red chaff wheat, but not at Pusa in Bengal 

 where it has been grown for five years. 2) T. compactum, Host, 3 

 varieties. At Lyallpur these became naturally crossed. 3) T. vulgare, 

 Vill., five varieties. At L3'-allpur these became naturally crossed 

 in many cases. At Pusa five cases of natural crossing were proved, 

 three of them Coming from cultivators fields in North Bihar: other 

 cases were suspected. Natural crossing in wheat undoubtedly takes 

 place at Pusa to a small extent, but its occurrence bears no com- 

 parison to the frequency of this phenomenon at Lyallpur; for 231 

 cases were proved at Lyallpur. The cause is evidently in the ir- 

 regulär water supply. At Lyallpur wheat is entirely grown under 

 canal irrigation, and often the supply of water in the soll is so 

 small that the plants wilt during the hottest part of the day, the 

 glumes open and the Stigmas become exposed. 4) Hovdeiun sativum, 

 Jessen. No natural crossing has been detected in this species when 

 grown at Pusa. 5) Pisum sativmn, Linn., and P. arvense, Linn. By 

 cultivation of progeny at Pusa natural cross-fertilization between 

 these two has been proved to occur. [It is to be observed however 

 that the peas of India are not exactly identical with those o[ 

 Europe]. 6) Lathyvus sativus, Linn. Natural cross-fertilization has 

 been proved at Pusa by cultivating progeny. 7) Vicia faba, Linn., 

 in one case has shown itself at Pusa naturally cross-fertilized. (8, 

 9 and 10) Lens esculenta, Moend., Cicev arietinum, Linn., and Cro- 

 talaria juncea, Linn., have not yet been proved to be naturally 

 cross-fertilised. 



Class IL Crops with open flowers. 11 and \2) Nicoitana tabacum, 

 Linn., and iV. rustica, Linn. In the flowers of N. rustica the anthers 

 always burst in the bud and the Stigma is receptive at the same 

 time. The relative lengths of the filaments and style however vary 

 so excessively that the anthers may not touch the stigma, either by 

 not reaching it or by exceeding it. Many bees were noticed visiting 

 the flowers and small flies were seen inside the corolla-tubes. 

 Natural cross-fertilization was proved to be frequent at Pusa, and 

 in one case infertile plants were produced which may possiblj?" have 

 been hybrids of N. rustica with N. tabacum. In N. tabacum so far 

 as at present studied the anthers dehisce as the bud unfolds: their 

 Position relative to the stigma varies in different types and more 

 over sometimes they all project be3'^ond the coroUa tube and some- 

 times are included: the commonest position is about the mouth of 

 the tube. Cross-fertilization seems to be very common; but if it be 

 prevented the uniformity of the selfed offspring is most marked. 13) 

 Hibiscus cannabiuus, Linn. The flowers at Pusa open in the early 

 morning and begin to close about midday, withering before sundown. 

 The anthers burst after the opening of the flower. PoUination occurs 

 in withering and sometimes (by the bending back of the styles) 

 before. But flowers enclosed in a bag do not set seed naturally 

 probabl}'' because the moisture of the bag prevents the complete 

 withering and crumpling up of the coroUa. Cross-fertilization was 

 proved to be fairly common. 14) Hibiscus Sabiariffa, Linn The 

 flowers apparently always self-fertilize at Pusa: they open late in 

 the morning and close after three hours. The sligmas do not project 

 beyond the top of the staminal column. 15) Gossypiiim sp. One cross 

 was proved to have occurred; but hardly any Observation on cotton 

 has been made at Pusa. 16) Linum usitatissimum , Linn. after 



