460 Floristik, etc. — Angewandte Botanik. 



class, and the author introduces to grades, the formation and the 

 association, thereby departing from his earlier view that there was 

 no need for the term formation. A formation is defined as "a Com- 

 munity of species, all belonging to definite growth-forms, which 

 have become associated together by definite external characters of 

 the habitat to which they are adapted"; further, it is "an expres- 

 sion of certain defined conditions of life, and is not concerned with 

 floristic differences". "An association is a Community of definite flo- 

 ristic composition within a formation; it is, so to speak, a floristic 

 species of a formation which is an oecological genus". "We may 

 also recognise oecological varieties dependent upon minor differen- 

 ces in an association". 



The greater part of the book (Sect. IV— XVI, p. 149—347) is 

 occupied by a systematic account of the 13 oecological classes, and 

 here although most of the original matter has been utilised there 

 has been considerable rearrangement. The Oxylophytes include low- 

 moor (wiesen-moor) highmoor (hochmoor) grass-heath, tundra for- 

 mations and dwarf-shrub heath formation; some of these were origi- 

 nally classed under Xerophytes, but the new arrangement is distinctly 

 more satisfactory. A considerable rearrangement of the plant com- 

 munities has also been introduced amongst the Halophytes. The 

 grouping of the Lithophyte associations is now based mainly on the 

 Systems suggested by Schimper and Oettli. The descriptions of 

 Psammophytes, Eremophytes and Psilophytes have also undergone 

 modification and improvement. With regard to Coniferous formations 

 and Mesophytes, less alteration has been made than might have 

 been expected from recent work. The last section of the book is on 

 "The Struggle between plant communities", also very much in the 

 original form. The Bibliography is extremely complete, extending 

 to 30 pages of titles, and as the various memoirs are frequently 

 referred to throughout the book, it will be an indispensable work 

 of reference. The Editors have also made the book easy to consult 

 by the use of distinctive type, numerous headings and a convenient 

 and extensive index. W. G. Smith. 



Winter, W. P„ Wych-Elm Seedlings. (Nat. N<\ 633. p. 343. 1909.) 



Seedlings of Ulmus montana, With. have been recorded as very 

 abundant in 1909 in many parts of Britain. The author records 

 that the two cotyledons are stalked, fleshy, obovate, and have distinct 

 auricles. On the stem above are two pairs of opposite decussate 

 serrated leaves (not alternate as stated by some authors). Alternately 

 arranged scale-like leaves occur higher on the stem, and these it is 

 suggested are modified stipules. W. G. Smith. 



Badoux, H., Les Beaux Arbres du Canton de Vaud. Cata- 

 logue, publie par la Societe" Vaudoise des Forestiers. 

 (Vevey, Säuberlin et Pfeiffer. 1010.) 



Dieses Buch entsprang einem Beschluss des Waadtländer Forst- 

 vereins vom Jahre 1906, ein Inventar der denkwürdigen Bäume des 

 Kantons aufzunehmen und illustriert zu publizieren. Herr Kreisför- 

 ster Henry Badoux, der früher schon als Assistent der forst. Ver- 

 suchsstation in Zürich sich durch seine Studien über die schönsten 

 Bäume Zürichs verdient gemacht hat, und auch im Waadlandt 

 diese Studien fortsetzte, wurde mit der Aufgabe betraut. 



Es sind im ganzen 170 einheimische Bäume aufgezählt und 



