THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 



Regarding the life-history, Mr. A. F. Winn, of Montreal, was 

 the first to call our attention to the fact that Apocymim was bored by 

 some Papaipema, but his observations were made after the larval 

 period, and were without further or specific verification. Several 

 seasons later, in 1914, Messrs. A. Kwiat and E. Beer at Chicago 

 discovered Apocynum androscemifolium L. to be profusely bored 

 there, and kindly forwarded larvae which seemed different from 

 any previously seen. At emergence there was surprise that the 

 browner and larger specimens matched our co-type of circumlucens, 

 while the smaller, yellower ones ran indistinguishably to haptisice 

 Bird. 



The current year the writer had advantage' of personal studies 

 of the prairie flora in the vicinity of Chicago, under direction of the 

 local entomologists, and observed circumlucens extensively at work. 

 The larva is a gross feeder, tunnelling out the lower stem and a 

 considerable portion of the running rootstock when possible. By 

 the middle of July the wilted or browned foliage is very noticeable, 

 and it becomes one of the easiest species to apprehepd. Pupation 

 occurs in the burrow and emergence by the orifice, which has served 

 for frass disposal, and without its further enlargement. A network 

 of silk and fragments chewed' from the woody stem encloses the 

 gallery directly above the pupa, through which the moth easily 

 breaks, but such details are somewhat dependent on the kind of 

 food-plant occupied. As is usual where a species is super-abundant, 

 dispersal to other plants may be noticed, and in Mesadenia tuber osa 

 Nutt. (E. Beer) frequently, and in Vernonia fasciculata Michx. 

 (A. Kwiat) rarely, larvae were found at work, the former being 

 apparently a true alternative food-plant. Quite a noticeable 

 difference exists superficially between the Apocynum larva and that 

 boring Baptisia linctoria L. productive of P. haptisicB Bird, Can. 

 Ent., Vol. XXXIV, p. 109, but the moths intergrade so completely 

 there seems no warrant for the retention of this name even in a 

 varietal sense. Hence P. haptisice Bird, 1902, falls to P. circum- 

 lucens, Smith 1899. 



The typical, Apocynum feeding larva is larger, more cylindric 

 and pink than that we had characterized from Baptisia, but it is 

 believed to be due to food-plant conditions entire!}'. The principal 

 larval features are generically normal. 



