176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Food Plants — Apple, Pear, Cotoneaster vulgaris, Cydonia 

 spp., Mespilus germanicits, Cratccgus oxycanthcc, C. monogyna. 

 1 1 has also been referred to on Sorbus aucuparia, S. domesticiis, 

 and S. torminalis. Macchiati gives Mespilus japonica and Ailanhis 

 glandulosa (p. 255). 



Distribution. — All o^•er Britain and Europe generally, America, 

 South Africa. The only African records are Dewar's (1905) and 

 are In' Lounsbury, a\ ho found the o\a on imported stock. Tas- 

 mania (Lea). 



Notes ox Life-historv. 



The (".reen Apple Aphis occurs e\er\-,year on apples and 

 pears in Britain, often in considerable numbers, but ne\er in such 

 vast swarms as does the following species. Moreover the damage 

 caused 1)\ it is not nearly so severe as that done by Aphis kochii. 

 It mainl\- lives on the top shoots and beneath the leaves; some- 

 times it is densely packed together; at others in scattered groups. 

 The curling of the foliage is not nearly so severe as in attacks of 

 Aphis kochii. This green "Dolphin" hatches out from mid-April to 

 earl\- in May; that is somewhat later than in the following species. 

 It increases very slowly at first, but in June it may si)rca(l very 

 rapidly, and on into July, when the tops of the trees may become 

 covered with it. The earliest alate females I have found were 

 towards the end of June, and these may continue to appear erratic- 

 ally on into August and fly from the apple and pear to other trees 

 close b\-. In October the sexual forms occur, namely, apterous, 

 oviparous females and apterous males. These often swarm in 

 October and Noveml^er under the leaves, where copulation takes 

 place. When fertilized, the females crowd on to the shoots and 

 there deposit their o\"a, usually great numbers together, so that 

 nothing of the shoots can be seen. At first the ova are yellowish- 

 green to dull yellow; in a few days they become black and shiny. 

 There they remain all the winter. The males are ven,' few in 

 number. The whole life-cycle seems to be passed on the apple 

 and pear, unlike Aphis kochii and A. avenc€. 



Miss Patch also finds in America that it is not migrator\', 

 and is thus to be found at all seasons of the year upon apples in 

 some form or other. 



This species does comparati\ely little harm in Britain, although 



