THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233 



as synonyms of Coccus, and a new subfamily name will have to be 

 substituted for Lecaniince and also for the subfamily now called Coccince. 



The species cacti, L. , as has been shown by Prof. Cockerell, is a 

 Monophlebus and must be known by the name of Monophlebus cacti, L. 

 This insect, so far as can be learned from the writings of those who are 

 known to have had this species before them for study, does not possess 

 colouring matter. When Fabricius and others simply copy the description 

 of Linfieus without changing it in any way we must consider it as 

 pertaining to the Linnean species only, but when they add to that 

 description the word " tinctorium," as Fabricius does in some of his later 

 writings, we must conclude that he has confounded the cochineal insect 

 with the Linnean species which has the following synonomy : 



Coccus cacti, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. X., Vol. I., p. 457 (1758). 

 Coccus cacti, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. XII., Vol. I., p. 742 (1766). 

 Coccus cacti, Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 744 (1775). 

 Coccus cacti, DeGeer, Ins. Vol. 6, p. 447 (1776). 

 Coccus cacti, Fab., Spec. Ins., Vol. II., p. 395 ( r 7 S 1 ) in part. 

 Coccus cacti, Gmel., Syst. Nat., Ed. XIII., Vol. I., part IV., p. 2220 

 (1 788-93) in part. 



Coccus cacti, Fab., Ent. Syst, Vol. IV., p. 227 (1794) in part. 

 Coccus cacti, Fab., Syst. Rhyng , p. 311 (1803) in part. 

 Monophlebus cacti, Ckll., Science, n. ser., Vol. XV, p. 718 (1902). 



The cochineal insect, so long confounded with cacti, L., was called 

 by the specific name of cacti through a misapprehension, from the time of 

 Fabricius till Costa, in his Fauna del Regno di Napoli, Emitteri, 

 described the species under the name of Dactylopius coccus, in such a 

 manner that there can be no doubt that he was dealing with the cochineal 

 insect. In 1833 Brandt described it very fully, with excellent illustra- 

 tions, under the name of Coccus cacti, and, while he supposed he had the 

 Linnean species, his description and illustrations apply only to the 

 cochineal insect. The synonomy of this insect is too extensive to be 

 given here, but will appear in my Catalogue of the Coccidas soon to be 

 published. 



The leading facts in this paper were prepared at my request by my 

 husband, Prof. C. H. Fernald, in reply to questions from Prof. Cockerell, 

 who requested him to publish the results of his investigations on the 

 subject, but as Mr. Fernald does not wish to publish on the Coccidae, he 

 has turned the matter over to me to prepare for publication. 



